Topiroxostat

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

FOR GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIA

Launched – 2013, Fuji YakuhinSanwa, Topiloric  Uriadec

IUPAC Name: 4-(5-pyridin-4-yl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile

CAS Registry Number: 577778-58-6

4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2 – carbonitrile (1)

5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

3-(3-cyano-4-pyridyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole
Synonyms: 4-(5-PYRIDIN-4-YL-1H-1,2,4-TRIAZOL-3-YL)PYRIDINE-2-CARBONITRILE,

AC1NRB9T, Topiroxostat (JAN/INN),  DB01685, D09786, FYX-051
SK-0910

4-[5-PYRIDIN-4-YL-1H-[1,2,4]TRIAZOL-3-YL]-PYRIDINE-2-CARBONITRILE,

C₁₃H₈N_{6 MF,}248.2482 MW

TOPIROXOSTAT

FYX-051, TOPIROXOSTAT is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor. This agent was approved in Japan by Fuji Yakuhin and Sanwa for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia in 2013 and launched at the same year. In 2009, the compound was licensed to Sanwa by Fuji Yakuhin in Japan for the codevelopment and commercialization of gout.

The number of patients with hyperuricemia in Japan is reported to be 1.25 million and the number suffering from asymptomatic hyperuricemia is estimated to reach several millions. Hyperuricemia is becoming a popular disease.

Presently, hyperuricemia and gout due to hyperuricemia are treated by improving the living environment and administering various drug therapies for each period when an attack of gout is predicted to occur (presymptomatic period), when an attack of gout occurs, or when an attack of gout subsides. That is, preventive therapy is conducted in the presymptomatic period by administering colchicines as well as controlling the daily living environment. When an attack occurs, drug therapy using non-steroidal or steroidal anti-inflammatory agents is mainly conducted. After the attack subsides, patients are given guidance to improve their lifestyle. When improvement is judged insufficient, an assessment is made as to whether hyperuricemia is caused by reduced excretion of uric acid or by increased production of uric acid followed by treatment with drugs, which exhibit a uricosuric effect, such as probenecid and benzbromarone, those which inhibit resorption of uric acid, such as sulfinpyrazone, those which improve acidurea conditions, such as citrates, and xanthine oxidase inhibitors which inhibit production of uric acid, such as allopurinol. Colchicine is said to be able to prevent about 90% of attacks through inhibiting chemotaxis and phagocytosis of leukocytes, such as neutrophils, if administration thereof has been completed within a few hours before the attack. Since colchicine has various adverse effects, however, the use thereof is limited to the minimum and it is therefore difficult to timely administer it.

Accordingly, drug therapies are mainly adopted, but only allopurinol is available for the treatment of a disease caused by increased production of uric acid. However, a metabolite of allopurinol, oxypurinol, tends to accumulate and may cause calculi formation. Furthermore, this drug has been reported to induce adverse events such as rash, a decreased renal function and hepatitis, and it is not easy to administer.

Examples of compounds having xanthine oxidase inhibiting activity that can be used for treating gout caused by increased production of uric acid and that are effective for hyperuricemia and gout due to hyperuricemia have been described in J. Medicinal Chemistry, 1975, Vol. 18, No. 9, pp. 895–900, Japanese Patent Publication No. 49-46622 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-24315, which disclose some 1,3,5-substituted or 3,5-substituted 1,2,4-triazole compounds.

4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2 – carbonitrile (1) has a xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and serum uric acid level known as the agent that reduces (Patent Document 1).

The method for producing the compound (1), for example, 2 by Reissert Henze reaction isonicotinic acid methyl N-oxide – is a cyano isonicotinate, and the hydrazide which is then, 4 – this condensed cyanopyridine After obtaining a hydrazide of isonicotinic acid N-oxide (Patent Document 1, Example 12) and method, a cyano group after introduction, 4 by Reissert Henze reaction – method of condensing a cyano pyridine is known (Patent Document 1, Example 39).Further, 4 – as a starting material cyano-N-oxide, a triazole ring after construction (Patent Document 3), Reissert Henze unprotected or (Patent Document 2) to protect the ring condensed with isonicotinic acid hydrazide method of obtaining the compound (1) by introducing a cyano group by the reaction have also been reported.

The crystalline polymorph, yet the same molecule with the same chemical composition, the molecular arrangement in the crystal are different, and are different crystalline states. The pharmaceutical compounds having crystal polymorphism such the differences in physicochemical properties, affect pharmacological activity, solubility, bioavailability, stability and the like are known.Therefore, when the crystal polymorphism is present in a pharmaceutically useful compound, producing compounds of the crystalline form highly useful from polymorphs thereof is desirable.

However, 4 of the above Patent Document – no description about the presence of crystalline polymorph on carbonitrile – pyridine-2-[yl 5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – – -3 triazol] It has not been, to these manufacturing methods, it is disclosed a method for the purpose of improving the chemical purity and yield, there is no description of the crystallographic plane.

Method of producing topiroxostat, useful for preventing or treating gout; and its intermediates. Picks up from WO2012060308, claiming the use of this topiroxostat for treating renal dysfunction. Along with the concurrently published WO2014017515, claiming crystalline Forms I and II of this compound, which, Fuji Yakuhin, in collaboration with Sanwa Kagaku, has developed and launched for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.WO-2014017516

Crystalline Forms I and II of topiroxostat, useful for preventing or treating gout. Along with the concurrently published WO2014017516, claiming a method of producing this compound. Picks up from WO2012060308, claiming a method of treating renal dysfunction using topiroxostat, which Fuji Yakuhin, in collaboration with Sanwa Kagaku, has developed and launched for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.WO-2014017515

•  novel 1,2,4-triazole compounds having an optionally substituted 2-cyanopyridin-4-yl group at 3-position and an optionally substituted aromatic group at 5-position inhibit a xanthine oxidase and are useful for treatment of gout and hyperuricemia, and have previously filed a patent application (Patent Document 1). The compounds can be prepared according to a method shown by the following reaction scheme:
• wherein TMS represents trimethylsilyl group and Ar represents an aromatic group.
• Although this method can achieve the object in a small-scale production, there were such problems that the process for production of a substituted or unsubstituted 2-cyanoisonicotinic acid hydrazide is complicated, and a reaction solvent must be selected in compliance with the physical property of the product compound in each step, and isolation of a product is required in each step. Furthermore, the overall yield is not sufficiently high, and therefore there is a problem in the production on an industrial scale.
  Patent Document 1: JP-A-2002-017825
• • A compound represented by formula (1) which is a starting material may be prepared by a method described in, for example, JP-A-47-7120, JP-A-61-152661A, JP-A-62-149673, JP-A-2002-528447, or European Patent Application No. 559363 specification. However, it is preferable to prepare compound (1) according to the following reaction scheme:

…………………………………

EP1650204A1

Example 2

Preparation of 5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole p-toluenesulfonate
• To the toluene solution obtained in Example 1 (2) was added 2-propanol (700 mL), and the mixture was stirred. To the resulting solution was added p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (151.16 g) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 8 hours at an internal temperature of 80°C. The mixture was brought to room temperature, and the precipitated crystals were taken out and washed with 2-propanol (210 mL×2). The white crystals were dried under reduced pressure at 60°C for 15 hours to give 106.0 g of the captioned compound as white crystals. Subsequently, 90.0 g of the crystals was suspended in a mixture of 2-butanol (49 mL) and water (491 mL) and heated to an internal temperature of 80°C for 1 hour. The internal temperature was brought to room temperature, and the crystals were filtered and washed with a mixture of 2-butanol and water (1:10) (270 mL×3). The resulting crystals were dried under reduced pressure at 60°C for 15 hours to give 75.7 g of the captioned compound in a high purity.
• ¹H―NMR(DMSO-d₆)δppm:2.29(s,3H), 7.11 (m,2H), 7.48 (dd, 2H, J=6.48, 1.62Hz) , 8.32-8.35(m, 3H) , 8.57(dd, 1H, J=1.62, 0.81Hz) , 8.94-8.98(m, 3H)

Example 3

Preparation of 5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

• To the white crystals (50.5g) obtained in Example 2 was added 2-propanol (937.5 mL) and water (312.5 mL), and the resulting mixture was heated and dissolved at an internal temperature of 80°C. Immediately thereafter, the solution was filtered and the filtrate was cooled to an internal temperature of 20°C. To the resulting suspension was added dropwise 0.52 mol/l of an aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (250 mL), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Then the crystals were filtered and washed with water (150 mL×3) and 2-butanol (150 mL×2). The crystals were dried under reduced pressure at 80°C for 15 hours to give 29.4 g of the captioned compound as pale yellow crystals.
• ¹H―NMR(DMSO-d₆)δppm:8.02(dd, 2H, J=4.59, 1.62Hz),8.32(dd, 1H, J=5.13, 1.62Hz), 8.55(dd, 1H, J=1.62, 1.08Hz), 8.80(dd, 2H, J=4.59, 1.62Hz), 8.93 (dd, 1H, J=5.13, 1.08Hz)

………………………………

SYNTHESIS

US7074816

Example 12

5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

1) Production of methyl isonicotinate N-oxide

13.9 g of isonicotinic acid N-oxide was added to 209 ml of methylene chloride, 29.7 g of 1-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred under argon atmosphere at room temperature for one hour. 32.1 g of methanol was added to this mixture, which was stirred at room temperature for 17 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography. Chloroform-acetone (3:1) was used as an eluent to yield 11.1 g of a white powder.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δppm: 3.95 (3H, s), 7.88 (2H, d, J=7.25 Hz), 8.22 (2H, J=7.25 Hz)

2) Production of Methyl 2-cyanoisonicotinate

11.1 g of the crystal obtained in 1) was dissolved in 170 ml of acetonitrile, 14.6 g of triethylamine and 21.5 g of trimethylsilylnitrile were added thereto, and the mixture was refluxed under argon atmosphere for 16 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was subjected to silica gel column chromatography. Chloroform-acetone (95:5) was used as an eluent to yield 8.44 g of a pale yellow powder.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δppm: 4.01 (3H, s), 8.08 (1H, d, J=5.45 Hz), 8.24 (1H, s), 8.90 (1H, d, J=5.45 Hz)

3) Production of 2-cyanoisonicotinic acid hydrazide

8.44 g of the crystal obtained in 2) was added to 85 ml of methanol, 1.84 g of hydrazine was further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred under argon temperature for 2 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, chloroform was added to the residue, which was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The precipitated crystal was filtered, washed with chloroform and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 4.15 g of a pale yellow powder.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 4.72 (2H, s), 8.05 (1H, d, J=5.12 Hz), 8.31 (1H, s),8.90 (1H, d, J=5.12 Hz), 10.23 (1H, s)

4) Production of the Object Compound

2.67 g of 4-cyanopyridine was dissolved in 40 ml of methanol, 0.83 g of sodium methoxide was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. Then 4.15 g of the crystal obtained in 3) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 37 hours. After the reaction completed, the precipitated solid was filtered, washed with methanol and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 3.66 g of the object compound as a yellow powder.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 8.01 (2H, dd, J=4.54, 1.57 Hz), 8.31 (1H, dd, J=5.11, 1.65 Hz), 8.53 (1H, dd, J=1.65, 0.50 Hz), 8.80 (2H, dd, J=4.54, 1.57 Hz), 8.93 (1H, dd, J=5.11, 0.50 Hz)

Example 39

5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

1) Production of isonicotinic acid (N-2-tert-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazide-1-oxide

585 ml of methylene chloride was added to 39.0 g of isonicotinic acid N-oxide, and after 34.0 g of triethylamine was further added thereto, the mixture was cooled under argon atmosphere to −15° C. 33.5 g of ethyl chlorocarbonate in 117 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise to this mixture, which was stirred at a temperature from −5 to −10° C. for one hour. Then 44.4 g of tert-butyl ester of carbamic acid in 117 ml of methylene chloride was added dropwise to this mixture and it was allowed to slowly rise to room temperature while it was stirred. The precipitated solid was filtered after 15 hours, washed with methylene chloride, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 49.7 g of white crystal.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 1.42 (9H, s), 7.82 (2H, d, J=7.09 Hz), 8.33 (2H, d, J=7.09 Hz), 9.02 (1H, s), 10.44 (1H, s)

Production of 2-cyanoisonicotinic acid hydrazine 1½ P-Toluenesulfonic acid salt

228 ml of dioxane was added to 30.4 g of the crystal obtained in 1), and after 13.1 g of trimethylsilyl cyanide and 38.8 g of N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl chloride were further added thereto, the mixture was stirred under argon atmosphere at 60° C. for 5 hours. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and subsequently washed with 1.5 M sodium carbonate aqueous solution and a saturated saline solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. After the magnesium sulfate was filtered off, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. Ethyl acetate was added to the residue, 68.5 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. The precipitated crystal was filtered, washed with ethyl acetate, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 40.3 g of white crystal 2).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 2.28 (4.5H, s), 7.12 (3H, dd, J=7.92 & 0.66 Hz), 7.48 (3H, dd, J=7.92 & 0.66 Hz), 8.10 (1H, dd, J=5.11 & 1.81 Hz), 8.39 (1H, dd, J=1.81 & 0.33 Hz), 8.99 (1H, dd, J=5.11 & 0.33 Hz)

3) Production of 5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

9.98 g of 4-cyanopyridine was dissolved in 250 ml of methanol, and after 7.77 g of sodium methoxide was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour. Then 40.3 g of the crystal obtained in 2) was added and the mixture was refluxed for 24 hours. After the reaction completed, the precipitated crystal was filtered, washed with methanol, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 16.3 g of yellow crystal.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 8.01 (2H, dd, J=4.54 & 1.57 Hz), 8.31 (1H, dd, J=5.11 & 1.65 Hz), 8.53 (1H, dd, J=1.65 & 0.50 Hz), 8.80 (2H, dd, J=4.54 & 1.57 Hz), 8.93 (1H, dd, J=5.11 & 0.50 Hz)

4) Production of 5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole

45 ml of ethanol and 15 ml of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were added to 3.0 g of the crystal obtained in 3), and the mixture was heated and stirred at 80° C. for 19 hours. The crystal was filtered, subsequently washed with a mixture of ethanol and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (3:1) and ethanol, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 2.71 g of yellow crystal.

5) Production of 5-(2-cyano-4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole p-toluenesulfonic acid salt

5 ml of ethanol and 30 ml of water were added to 2.48 g of the crystal obtained in 4), and after 3.8 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was further added thereto, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours. The precipitated crystal was filtered, subsequently washed with a mixture of ethanol and water (1:6), water and then ethanol, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 3.5 g of white crystal.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δppm: 2.28 (3H, s), 7.12 (2H, dd, J=7.75 & 0.50 Hz), 7.48 (2H, dd, J=7.75 & 0.50 Hz), 8.33 (1H, dd, J=5.12 & 1.65 Hz), 8.45 (2H, d, J=6.11 Hz), 8.57 (1H, dd, J=1.65 & 0.66 Hz), 8.96˜9.02 (3H, m)

6) Production of the object compound

17 ml of ethanol and 17 ml of water were added to 3.36 g of the crystal obtained in 5), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. A solution of sodium carbonate (0.74 g of sodium carbonate in 17 ml of water) was further added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The precipitated crystal was filtered, subsequently washed with water and ethanol, and dried with a vacuum pump to yield 1.89 g of the object compound as a pale yellow crystal.

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TOPIROXOSTAT

SYNTHESIS

WO2014017516A1

(First step)
The first step, 4 – is a step of obtaining a compound (3) is reacted in the presence of an alkali metal alkoxide, cyano-N-oxide and (2), and isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

4 used in this reaction – isonicotinic acid hydrazide and (2) a cyano-N-oxide is a known compound both, I can be prepared by known means.
The alkali metal alkoxide is used, ₆ alkoxide alkali metal C _1-C are preferred, sodium methylate, sodium ethylate and the like can be given as specific examples. The reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent, as the solvent, alcohol solvents such as methanol, ethanol and the like are preferable.

The reaction is preferably first in a solvent, is treated with an alkali metal alkoxide compound (2) and then to react the isonicotinic acid hydrazide. First, heated to reflux under cooling, at 80 ℃ from 15 ℃ preferably, 30 minutes and 12 hours in general, the reaction temperature in the reaction with an alkali metal alkoxide (2) with the compound is reacted 1-4 hours, preferably about. Under the temperature conditions, using an excess amount or one equivalent of 30 minutes to 12 hours usually, reaction with isonicotinic acid hydrazide Subsequent to reaction for 1 to 5 hours, preferably.

Example 1:

Synthesis 4 oxide (3) – – – (4 – pyridin-carbonyl) -4 – N “pyridine hydrazide imide -1 was suspended in 40mL of methanol cyanopyridine-N-oxide and (2) 5.00g, sodium was added to methylate 22.4mg, and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours under 40 ℃ nitrogen atmosphere. was cooled to room temperature. reaction solution was stirred for 4 hours at 40 ℃ was added isonicotinic acid hydrazide 5.71g at the same temperature, precipitated The filtrated crystals were, washed with methanol 15mL, and dried 15 hours at 80 ℃, N “- to give (3) 9.60g oxide – (4 – pyridin) -4 – pyridine-hydrazide imide -1.
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 6.98 (br, 2H), 7.81 (d, 2H, J = 5.77Hz), 7.85 (d, 2H, J = 7 .09 Hz), 8.29 (d, 2H, J = 7.09Hz), 8.73 (d, 2H, J = 5.77Hz), 10.37 (br, 1H)
MS m / z: 256 [M-H] ^–

(Second step)
The second step is a step of obtaining compound (4) by cyanation agent cyano compound (3).

As the cyanation agent used, trialkyl cyanide alkali metal cyanide, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and the like, zinc cyanide, trimethylsilyl cyanide and the like.

The cyanation reaction is preferably, for example, be carried out (Heterocycles, Vol.22, No.5, 1994) by Reissert Henze reaction. This reaction, for example, to give compound (4) by an organic solvent in the compound (3), and after activation with carbamoyl halide, and reacting the cyano agent. The alkylcarbamoyl halide used in the carbamoylation is a first step in Reissert Henze reaction, ₆ alkylcarbamoyl halide di C _1-C dimethylcarbamoyl chloride, and di-propyl carbamoyl chloride can be used, preferably, dimethylcarbamoyl is chloride. The solvent used in this reaction, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile can be used, however, N, N-dimethylformamide is preferred. Further, 15 ~ 60 ℃, more preferably 30 ~ 50 ℃ reaction temperature. The reaction time is preferably 1 to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 3 hours. As the cyanation agent used in the cyanation reaction followed, cyano agents above can be used, sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide, zinc cyanide, and trimethylsilyl cyanide, and more preferably, it is sodium cyanide . -20 ~ 60 ℃ is preferred, more preferably -10 ~ 40 ℃, reaction temperature is 1-4 hours.

Is a novel compound (4) The compound obtained in this second step, it is useful as an intermediate for the production of compound (1). If through Compound (4) can be synthesized in good yield and easily without the need for purification in the second step is also possible, and can be produced (1) Compound industrially efficiently compound (4).

Synthetic N “hydrazide (4) – (4 – pyridine carbonyl) -4 – pyridine carboxylic acid N’-(carboxylic imidoyloxy – 2 – – cyano-4)

Example 2

4 pyridine hydrazide imide -1 – oxide ( was suspended in N, N-dimethylformamide 48mL and 3) 10.0g, under nitrogen atmosphere, followed by stirring for 1 hour was added dimethylcarbamoyl chloride 9.20g at 40 ℃. was added sodium cyanide 2.48g at the same temperature, After cooling to 5 ℃ below. reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour, the crystals were collected by filtration. precipitate was successively added dropwise a 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution 100mL, and 100mL water, and washed with water 100mL, at 80 ℃ for 15 h and dried under reduced pressure to give 4 – hydrazide (4) 9.28g of pyridine-carboxylic acid N’-(carboxylic imide yl – 2 – cyano-4).
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 7.15 (br, 2H), 7.82 (d, 2H, J = 5.61Hz), 8.14 (d, 1H, J = 5 .11 Hz), 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.75 (d, 2H, J = 5.61Hz), 8.86 (d, 1H, J = 5.11Hz), 10.47 (br, 1H )
MS m / z: 265 [M-H] ^–

(Third step)
The third step is a step of obtaining a compound (1) by the presence of an acid catalyst, the cyclization reaction of the compound (4).

As the acid, organic phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, inorganic acids can be used, inorganic acids, phosphoric acid is particularly preferable. As the reaction solvent, water, 2 – butanol, 2 – mixed solvent of alcohol and water or alcohol, propanol, ethanol and the like can be used, but water and 2 – I was mixed 5:1 to 10:1 butanol solvent. The reaction temperature and time, 60 ~ 100 ℃, preferably 2 to 12 hours at 70 ~ 90 ℃, I want to 8-10 hours, preferably.

Intermediates and compounds of the present invention the method (1) can be isolated and purified from the washed reaction mixture, recrystallization, by means of various conventional chromatography.

Example 3:

4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2 – carbonitrile 4 Synthesis of (1) – pyridine-carboxylic acid N’- (2 – cyano-4 – carboxylic imide yl) water 82mL, 2 hydrazide (4) 9.25g – butanol was added 8.2mL, phosphate 4.00g, was stirred for 8 h at 80 ℃. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture was precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, water: 2 – were washed with a mixed solution of 92.5mL butanol = 10:1. The 13 h and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ℃ crystals obtained 4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl) – ^{1 H-1,} 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2 – carbonitrile (1 I got a) 7.89g.

Topiroxostat

¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 8.02 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.32 (dd, 1H, J = 5.13,1. 62Hz), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.62,1.08 Hz), 8.80 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.93 (dd, 1H, 5 .13,1.08 Hz)
MS m / z: 247 [M-H] ^–

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WO2014017515A1

Synthetic water-carbonitrile p-toluenesulfonate – pyridine Example 1: 4 – [yl 5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – – -3 triazol]: 2 – butanol = was added monohydrate 6.62g p-toluenesulfonic acid in a mixed solution of 55mL of 10:1, 4 at 80 ℃ – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – yl] pyridine-2 – – triazol-3 was added carbonitrile 7.85g, and the mixture was stirred at the same temperature for 1 hour. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction mixture, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and water: 2 – were washed with a mixed solution of 40mL of butanol = 10:1. The dried under reduced pressure for 10 hours at 80 ℃ crystals obtained 4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2 – carbonitrile p-toluene I got a sulfonate 12.6g.
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 2.29 (s, 3H), 7.11 (m, 2H), 7.48 (dd, 2H, J = 6.48,1.62 Hz ) ,8.32-8 .35 (m, 3H), 8.57 (dd, 1H, J = 1.62,0.81 Hz) ,8.94-8 .98 (m, 3H)

– [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazole and potassium carbonate 8.22g, 4 in a mixed solution of 80mL of ethanol = 9:1: preparation water of crystal form I: Example 2 I was dissolved carbonitrile p-toluenesulfonate 10.0g – -3 – yl] pyridine-2. After stirring for 5 hours plus 15mL 6M hydrochloric acid at 20 ℃, was the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and washed with water 100mL. The 23 h and dried under reduced pressure at 80 ℃, 4 – to obtain carbonitrile 5.78g – pyridin-2 [yl 5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – – -3 triazole. Having a DSC as shown in FIG 4 and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in FIG 1, the resulting crystals were type-I crystals.
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 8.02 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.32 (dd, 1H, J = 5.13,1. 62Hz), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.62,1.08 Hz), 8.80 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.93 (dd, 1H, 5 .13,1.08 Hz)
Melting point: 327 ℃

N, N carbonitrile 40.0g – preparation of 4 Form II – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – yl – triazol-3]-2: Example 3 – dimethylformamide was added 300mL, and stirred for 25 min at 150 ℃. After cooling to room temperature the solution, and the precipitated crystals were collected by filtration, and washed twice with water 200mL, 4 and dried under reduced pressure overnight at 80 ℃ the crystal – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1 , 2,4 – I got carbonitrile 30.4g – yl] pyridine-2 – triazole-3. Having a DSC as shown in FIG 5 and powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in FIG 2, the resulting crystals were type II crystals.
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 8.02 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.32 (dd, 1H, J = 5.13,1. 62Hz), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.62,1.08 Hz), 8.80 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.93 (dd, 1H, 5 .13,1.08 Hz)
Melting point: 327 ℃

The 25 ℃, about 2g carbonitrile, – preparation of the hydrate 4 – [5 – (pyridin-4 – yl)-1H-1, 2,4 – triazol-3 – yl] pyridine-2: Example 4 I was stored for 14 days under conditions of relative humidity 97%. Having a DSC as shown in FIG 7 and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern shown in FIG 3, the obtained crystal was a hydrate.
¹ H-NMR (DMSO-d ₆₎ ^δ (ppm): 8.02 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.32 (dd, 1H, J = 5.13,1. 62Hz), 8.55 (dd, 1H, J = 1.62,1.08 Hz), 8.80 (dd, 2H, J = 4.59,1.62 Hz), 8.93 (dd, 1H, 5 .13,1.08 Hz)
Melting point: 327 ℃

Test Example: solubility test Type I crystal by crystal form, II-type crystal, and water solubility of the hydrate was calculated by absorbance measurement method, a saturated solution concentration of each sample. I Figure 8 shows the results.Whereas the 6.2μg/mL water solubility of crystalline Form I, II type crystal 4.2μg/mL, hydrate was 1.9μg/mL.
From Figure 8, the water solubility of Form II and Form I crystals is good, water-soluble type I crystal is particularly good.

……………….

NMR

BMCL Volume 19, Issue 21, 1 November 2009, Pages 6225–6229

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960894X09012372?np=y

view compd 39 and ignore rest

TOPIROXOSTAT, FYX O51

view compd 39 and ignore rest

SUPP INFO…….https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/MiamiMultiMediaURL/1-s2.0-S0960894X09012372/1-s2.0-S0960894X09012372-mmc1.doc/271398/FULL/S0960894X09012372/50d911fe734c16dfb94912d481cb466a/mmc1.doc

Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, 2008 ,  vol. 27,  6-7  pg. 888 – 893

Inoue, Tsutomu; Sato, Takahiro; Ashizawa, Naoki; Iwanaga, Takashi; Matsumoto, Koji; Nagata, Osamu; Nakamura, Hiroshi
Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2009 ,  vol. 19,   21  pg. 6225 – 6229

WO 2012060308

WO 2007148835

WO 2005009991

Japanese Pharmacopoeia and Japanese GMP Regulations available online

On Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) website, you can download documents on GMP as well as on marketing authorisations for medicinal products. An English version of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP) is also available. You will find the direct links in the News.

On Japan’s Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) website, you can find in the section “Regulations and Procedures” under the heading “GMP” requirements regarding the inspection of manufacturers of medicinal products and APIs who want to introduce their products into Japan.

Now, a document was supplemented in January 2014 which describes which documents have to be submitted to the Japanese Agency within a pre-approval inspection and/ or a periodical post-approval inspection.

Go to the PMDA webpage to get more information.

There, you can also access the current Japanese Pharmacopoeia Sixteenth Edition in English.

Source: PMDA, Japan

7-[(4S)-4-Amino-6-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-6-yl]-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1-[(2S)-2-fluorocyclopropyl]-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid

(1R-(1a(S*),2a))-7-(7-Amino-5-azaspiro[2.4]hept-5-yl)-8-chloro-6-fluoro-1-(2-fluorocyclopropyl)-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic Acid

SYNTHESIS……….http://www.drugfuture.com/synth/syndata.aspx?ID=176447

127254-10-8 [RN]

127254-10-8(ACETATE)

Sitafloxacin (INN; also called DU-6859a) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic^[1] that shows promise in the treatment of Buruli ulcer. The molecule was identified by Daiichi Sankyo Co., which brought ofloxacin and levofloxacin to the market. Sitafloxacin is currently marketed in Japan by Daiichi Sankyo under the tradename Gracevit.

Sitafloxacin is a new-generation, broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic.It is very active against many Gram-positive, Gram-negative and anaerobic clinical isolates, including strains resistant to other fluoroquinolones, was recently approved in Japan for the treatment of respiratory and urinary tract infections. Sitafloxacin is active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and other streptococci with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin and other quinolones and enterococci

163253-35-8

AU 8933702; EP 0341493; JP 1990231475; JP 1995300416; JP 1999124367; JP 1999124380; US 5587386; US 5767127
The condensation of 3-chloro-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoylacetic acid ethyl ester (I) with (1R,2S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-fluorocyclopropylamine (III) and ethyl orthoformate (II) in hot acetic anhydride gives (1R,2S)-2-(3-chloro-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoyl)-3-(2-fluorocyclopropylamino)acrylic acid ethyl ester (IV). The cyclization of (IV) by means of NaH yields the quinolone (V), which is hydrolyzed with HCl to the free acid (VI). The condensation of (VI) with 7(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (VII) by means of triethylamine in refluxing acetonitrile affords the protected final product (VIII), which is finally deprotected with trifluoroacetic acid and anisole.

The chiral intermediate (1R,2S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-fluorocyclopropylamine (III) is obtained as follows: 1) The cyclization of butadiene (IX) with dibromofluoromethane by means of BuONa, followed by oxidation with KMnO4, esterification with ethanol – sulfuric acid and reduction with tributyltin hydride gives 2-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester as a cis/trans mixture (X), which is separated by crystallization. The cis-racemic-isomer (XI) is hydrolyzed with NaOH to the corresponding acid (XII), which is condensed with (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (XIII) by means of diphenyl chlorophosphate to give the mixture of diastereomers (XIV). This mixture is separated by crystallization, yielding pure (1S,2S)-2-fluoro-N-[alpha(R)-methylbenzyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (XV), which is hydrolyzed with HCl to the corresponding free acid (XVI). Finally, this compound is converted into (III) by treatment with diphenylphosphoryl azide in refluxing tert-butanol.

b) The intermediate 7(S)-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (VII) can also be obtained as follows: 1) The cyclopropanation of ethyl acetoacetate (XXXI) with 1,2-dibromoethane (XXXII) by means of K2CO3 in DMF gives 1-acetylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XXXIII), which is brominated with Br2 in ethanol yielding the bromoacetyl derivative (XXXIV). The cyclization of (XXXI) with (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (XIII) by means of triethylamine affords 5-[1(R)-phenylethyl]-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione (XXXV), which by reaction with hydroxylamine is converted into the monooxime (XXXVI). The reduction of (XXXVI) with H2 over RaNi in methanol affords 7-amino-5-[1(R)-phenylethyl]-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-4-one as a diastereomeric mixture (XXXVII) + (XXXVIII), which is separated by column chromatography. The reduction of the (7S)-isomer (XXXVIII) with LiAlH4 in THF gives 7(S)-amino-5-[1(R)-phenylethyl]-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (XXXIX), which is protected in the usual way to the tert-butoxycarbonyl derivative (XL). Finally, this compound is debenzylated to (VII) by hydrogenation with H2 over Pd/C in ethanol.

The chiral intermediate (1R,2S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-fluorocyclopropylamine (III) is obtained as follows: 1) The cyclization of butadiene (IX) with dibromofluoromethane by means of BuONa, followed by oxidation with KMnO4, esterification with ethanol – sulfuric acid and reduction with tributyltin hydride gives 2-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester as a cis/trans mixture (X), which is separated by crystallization. The cis-racemic-isomer (XI) is hydrolyzed with NaOH to the corresponding acid (XII), which is condensed with (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (XIII) by means of diphenyl chlorophosphate to give the mixture of diastereomers (XIV). This mixture is separated by crystallization, yielding pure (1S,2S)-2-fluoro-N-[alpha(R)-methylbenzyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide (XV), which is hydrolyzed with HCl to the corresponding free acid (XVI). Finally, this compound is converted into (III) by treatment with diphenylphosphoryl azide in refluxing tert-butanol.

b) The intermediate 7(S)-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane (VII) can also be obtained as follows: 2) The reaction of 1-acetylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester (XXXIII) with (R)-alpha-methylbenzylamine (XIII) by means of NaOH and ethyl chloroformate gives the corresponding amide (XLI), which by reaction with ethylene glycol and p-toluenesulfonic acid is converted into the ethylene ketal (XLII). The bromination of (XLII) with Br2 in dioxane affords the bromomethyl dioxolane (XLIII), which is finally cyclized to 5-[1(R)-phenylethyl]-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-4,7-dione (XXXV), already obtained as an intermediate in the preceding synthesis.

The chiral intermediate (1R,2S)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-fluorocyclopropylamine (III) can also be obtained as follows: 3) A study of the influence of different substituents in the cis/trans ratio of the cyclopropanation process has been performed. The general method is as follows: the reaction of benzylamine (XXIII) with acetaldehyde and trichloromethyl chloroformate gives the N-benzyl-N-vinylcarbamoyl chloride (XXIV), which by treatment with alcohol yields the N-vinylcarbamate (XXV). The cyclopropanation of (XXV) with fluorodiiodomethane and diethyl zinc as before preferentially affords the cis-N-(2-fluorocyclopropyl)carbamate (XXVI), which is purified by crystallization. The hydrogenolysis of (XXVI) with H2 over Pd/C in acetic acid gives cis-racemic-2-fluorocyclopropylamine (XXVII), which is submitted to optical resolution with L-menthyl chloroformate to afford pure (1R,2S)-isomer (XXII). Finally, this compound is converted into (III) with tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride as before.

References

• Keating GM (April 2011). “Sitafloxacin: in bacterial infections”. Drugs 71 (6): 731–44. doi:10.2165/11207380-000000000-00000.PMID 21504249.

• (Japanese) Gracevit グレースビット (PDF) Daiichi Sankyo Co. January 2008.

Taltirelin Талтирелин

N-{[(4S)-1-methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidin-4-yl]carbonyl}-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide

(S)-1-Methyl-4,5-dihydroorotyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide
(S)-N-(1-Methyl-2,6-dioxohexahydropyrimidin-4-ylcarbonyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide

launched 2000 by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma

103300-74-9
201677-75-0

Taltirelin (marketed under the tradename Ceredist) is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, which mimics the physiological actions of TRH, but with a much longer half-life and duration of effects,^[1] and little development of tolerance following prolonged dosing.^[2] It has nootropic,^[3] neuroprotective^[4] and analgesic effects.^[5]

Taltirelin is primarily being researched for the treatment of spinocerebellar ataxia; limited research has also been carried out with regard to other neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., spinal muscular atrophy.^[6][7][8]

Taltirelin is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog that was first commercialized by Tanabe Seiyaku (now Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma) in Japan in 2000 for the oral treatment of ataxia due to spinocerebellar degeneration.

In 2008, the company filed a regulatory application seeking approval of taltirelin orally disintegrating tablets for the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration, and in 2009 the approval was received for this formulation.

TRH is a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary. TRH is produced by the hypothalamus and travels across the median eminence to the pituitary via the hypophyseal portal system.

Taltirelin (TAL) is a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog that is approved for use in humans in Japan. In this study, we characterized TAL binding to and signaling by the human TRH receptor (TRH-R) in a model cell system. We found that TAL exhibited lower binding affinities than TRH and lower signaling potency via the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate/calcium pathway than TRH. However, TAL exhibited higher intrinsic efficacy than TRH in stimulating inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate second messenger generation. This is the first study that elucidates the pharmacology of TAL at TRH-R and shows that TAL is a superagonist at TRH-R

……………………………

Synthesis and central nervous system actions of thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogues containing a dihydroorotic acid moiety
J Med Chem 1990, 33(8): 2130\

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm00170a013

………………

http://www.google.com/patents/US4665056

EXAMPLE 2

(1) 1.56 g of 1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotic acid and 1.15 g of N-hydroxysuccinimide are dissolved in 30 ml of dimethylformamide, and 2.06 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide are added thereto at 0° C. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. The solution thus obtained is hereinafter referred to as “Solution A”. On the other hand, 3.43 g of benzyl L-histidyl-L-prolinate.2HCl are dissolved in dimethylformamide, and 1.67 g of triethylamine are added thereto. The mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 20 minutes, and insoluble materials are filtered off. The filtrate is added to “Solution A”, and the mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 4 hours and then at 10° C. for one day. Insoluble materials are filtered off, and the filtrate is concentrated under reduced pressure at 40° C. to remove dimethylformamide. The residue is dissolved in water, and insoluble materials are filtered off. The filtrate is adjusted to pH 8 with sodium bicarbonate and then passed through a column packed with CHP-20P resin. The column is washed with 500 ml of water, 500 ml of 20% methanol and 300 ml of 50% methanol, successively. Then, the desired product is eluted with 70% methanol. The fractions which are positive to the Pauly’s reaction are collected from the eluate and concentrated under reduced pressure, whereby 3.65 g of benzyl (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinate are obtained as an oil.

IRν_max ^chloroform (cm^-1) 3300, 1725, 1680.

650 mg of the product obtained above are dissolved in 1 N-HCl and then lyophilized to give 690 mg of benzyl (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinate.HCl.H₂ O as powder.

[α]_D ²² : -39.8° (C=0.5, H₂ O).

IRν_max ^nujol (cm^-1): 1720, 1640-1680.

NMR (DMSO-d₆, δ): 1.7-2.4 (m, 4H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.4-3.9 (m, 6H), 3.9-4.2 (m, 1H), 4.3-4.5 (m, 1H), 4.6-5.0 (m, 1H), 5.09 (s, 2H), 7.2-7.5 (m, 5H), 8.96 (s, 1H).

Mass (m/e): 496 (M⁺).

(2) 700 mg of benzyl (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinate are dissolved in 20 ml of methanol, and 20 mg of palladium-black are added thereto. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 3 hours in hydrogen gas. 20 ml of water are added to the reaction mixture, and the catalyst is filtered off. The filtrate is evaporated to remove solvent. The residue is crystallized with methanol, whereby 290 mg of (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-proline.5/4 H₂ O are obtained.

M.p.: 233°-236° C. (decomp.).

[α]_D ²⁰ : -17.2° (C=0.5, H₂ O).

IRν_max ^nujol (cm^-1): 1715, 1680, 1630.

NMR (D₂ O, δ): 1.7-2.4 (m, 4H), 2.6-3.9 (m, 6H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 4.0-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.95 (t, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H).

(3) A mixture of 4.29 g of (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-proline, 1.15 g of N-hydroxysuccinimide, 2.26 g of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 30 ml of dimethylformamide is stirred at 0° C. for 40 minutes and at room temperature for 80 minutes. 30 ml of 15% ammonia-methanol are then added to the mixture at 0° C., and the mixture is stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes and at room temperature for one hour. Insoluble materials are filtered off, and the filtrate is evaporated to remove dimethylformamide. The residue is dissolved in 20 ml of water, and insoluble materials are again filtered off. The filtrate is adjusted to pH 8 with sodium bicarbonate and then passed through a column packed with CHP-20P resin. After the column is washed with 2 liters of water, the desired product is eluted with 10% methanol. The fractions which are positive to the Pauly’s reaction are collected and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is dissolved in 10 ml of water, and allowed to stand in a refrigerator. Crystalline precipitates are collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 25° C. for one day, whereby 3.3 g of (1-methyl-L-4,5-dihydroorotyl)-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide.7/2 H₂ O are obtained.

M.p.: 72°-75° C.

[α]_D ²⁵ : -13.6° (C=1, H₂ O).

IRν_max ^nujol (cm^-1): 3400, 3250, 1710, 1660, 1610, 1540.

References

External links

• (Japanese) Ceredist セレジスト錠 (PDF) Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. October 2007.

Sorafenib

(4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide)

BAY 43-9006

Bayer HealthCare has obtained approval from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for its Nexavar (sorafenib) for treatment of patients with unresectable differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/newsbayers-nexavar-receives-japanese-approval-4300422?WT.mc_id=DN_News

Bayer HealthCare has obtained approval from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) for its Nexavar (sorafenib) for treatment of patients with unresectable differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Nexavar’s approval in Japan is supported by data from the multicentre, placebo-controlled Phase III DECISION (‘stuDy of sorafEnib in loCally advanced or metastatIc patientS with radioactive Iodine refractory thyrOid caNcer’) study.

The international Phase III DECISION study, which randomised a total of 417 patients, met its primary endpoint of extended progression-free survival. Safety and tolerability profile of sorafenib was generally consistent with the known profile of sorafenib.

The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in the sorafenib arm were hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, alopecia, weight loss, fatigue, hypertension and rash.

Nexavar was awarded orphan drug status by the MHLW for thyroid carcinoma in September 2013.

Sorafenib (co-developed and co-marketed by Bayer and Onyx Pharmaceuticals as Nexavar),^[1] is a drug approved for the treatment of primary kidney cancer (advanced renal cell carcinoma), advanced primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma), and radioactive iodine resistant advanced thyroid carcinoma.

Medical uses

At the current time sorafenib is indicated as a treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), unresectable hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and thyroid cancer.^[2][3][4][5]

Kidney cancer

An article in The New England Journal of Medicine, published January 2007, showed compared with placebo, treatment with sorafenib prolongs progression-free survival in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma in whom previous therapy has failed. The median progression-free survival was 5.5 months in the sorafenib group and 2.8 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio for disease progression in the sorafenib group, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35 to 0.55; P<0.01).^[6] A few reports described patients with stage IV renal cell carcinomas that were successfully treated with a multimodal approach including neurosurgical, radiation, and sorafenib.^[7] This is one of two TGA-labelled indications for sorafenib, although it is not listed on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for this indication.^[5][8]

Liver cancer

At ASCO 2007, results from the SHARP trial^[9] were presented, which showed efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary endpoint was median overall survival, which showed a 44% improvement in patients who received sorafenib compared to placebo (hazard ratio 0.69; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.87; p=0.0001). Both median survival and time to progression showed 3-month improvements. There was no difference in quality of life measures, possibly attributable to toxicity of sorafenib or symptoms related to underlying progression of liver disease. Of note, this trial only included patients with Child-Pugh Class A (i.e. mildest) cirrhosis. The results of the study appear in the July 24, 2008, edition of The New England Journal of Medicine. Because of this trial Sorafenib obtained FDA approval for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in November 2007.^[10]

In a randomized, double-blind, phase II trial combining sorafenib with doxorubicin, the median time to progression was not significantly delayed compared with doxorubicin alone in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Median durations of overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly longer in patients receiving sorafenib plus doxorubicin than in those receiving doxorubicin alone.^[10] A prospective single-centre phase II study which included the patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)concluding that the combination of sorafenib and DEB-TACE in patients with unresectable HCC is well tolerated and safe, with most toxicities related to sorafenib.^[11] This is the only indication for which sorafenib is listed on the PBS and hence the only Government-subsidised indication for sorafenib in Australia.^[8] Along with renal cell carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the TGA-labelled indications for sorafenib.^[5]

Thyroid cancer

A phase 3 clinical trial has started recruiting (November 2009) to use sorafenib for non-responsive thyroid cancer.^[12] The results were presented at the ASCO 13th Annual Meeting and are the base for FDA approval. The Sorafenib in locally advanced or metastatic patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer: The Phase 3 DECISION trial showed significant improvement in progression-free survival but not in overall survival. However, as is known, the side effects were very frequent, specially hand and foot skin reaction.^[13]

Adverse effects

Adverse effects by frequency
Note: Potentially serious side effects are in bold.
Very common (>10% frequency)

Common (1-10% frequency)

• Transient increase in transaminase

Uncommon (0.1-1% frequency)

Rare (0.01-0.1% frequency)

Mechanism of action

Sorafenib is a small molecular inhibitor of several tyrosine protein kinases (VEGFR and PDGFR) and Raf kinases (more avidly C-Raf than B-Raf).^[16][17] Sorafenib also inhibits some intracellular serine/threonine kinases (e.g. C-Raf, wild-type B-Raf and mutant B-Raf).^[10] Sorafenib treatment induces autophagy,^[18] which may suppress tumor growth. However, autophagy can also cause drug resistance.^[19]

History

Renal cancer

Sorafenib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2005,^[20] and received European Commission marketing authorization in July 2006,^[21] both for use in the treatment of advanced renal cancer.

Liver cancer

The European Commission granted marketing authorization to the drug for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), the most common form of liver cancer, in October 2007,^[22] and FDA approval for this indication followed in November 2007.^[23]

In November 2009, the UK’s National Institute of Clinical Excellence declined to approve the drug for use within the NHS in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, stating that its effectiveness (increasing survival in primary liver cancer by 6 months) did not justify its high price, at up to £3000 per patient per month.^[24] In Scotland the drug had already been refused authorization by the Scottish Medicines Consortium for use within NHS Scotland, for the same reason.^[24]

In March 2012, the Indian Patent Office granted a domestic company, Natco Pharma, a license to manufacture generic Sorafenib, bringing its price down by 97%. Bayer sells a month’s supply, 120 tablets, of Nexavar for280000 (US$4,700). Natco Pharma will sell 120 tablets for 8800 (US$150), while still paying a 6% royalty to Bayer.^[25][26] Under Indian Patents Act, 2005 and the World Trade Organisation TRIPS Agreement, the government can issue a compulsory license when a drug is not available at an affordable price.^[27]

Thyroid Cancer

As of November 22, 2013, sorafenib has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of locally recurrent or metastatic, progressive differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) refractory to radioactive iodine treatment.^[28]

Research

Lung

In some kinds of lung cancer (with squamous-cell histology) sorafenib administered in addition to paclitaxel and carboplatin may be detrimental to patients.^[29]

Brain (Recurrent Glioblastoma)

There is a phase I/II study at the Mayo Clinic^[30] of sorafenib and CCI-779 (temsirolimus) for recurrent glioblastoma.

Desmoid Tumor (Aggressive Fibromatosis)

A study performed in 2011 showed that Sorafenib is active against Aggressive fibromatosis. This study is being used as justification for using Sorafenib as an initial course of treatment in some patients with Aggressive fibromatosis.^[31]

Nexavar Controversy

In January 2014, Bayer’s CEO stated that Nexavar was developed for “western patients who [could] afford it”. At the prevailing prices, a kidney cancer patient would pay $96,000 (£58,000) for a year’s course of the Bayer-made drug. However, the cost of the Indian version of the generic drug would be around $2,800 (£1,700).^[32]

Notes

Sorafenib

Systematic (IUPAC) name
4-[4-[[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoylamino] phenoxy]-N-methyl-pyridine-2-carboxamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Nexavar
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a607051
Licence data	EMA:Link, US FDA:link
Pregnancy cat.	D (AU) D (US)
Legal status	Prescription Only (S4) (AU) ℞-only (CA) POM (UK) ℞-only (US)
Routes	Oral
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	38–49%
Protein binding	99.5%
Metabolism	Hepatic oxidation and glucuronidation (CYP3A4 & UGT1A9-mediated)
Half-life	25–48 hours
Excretion	Faeces (77%) and urine (19%)
Identifiers
CAS number	284461-73-0
ATC code	L01XE05
PubChem	CID 216239
DrugBank	DB00398
ChemSpider	187440
UNII	9ZOQ3TZI87
KEGG	D08524
ChEBI	CHEBI:50924
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1336
Synonyms	Nexavar Sorafenib tosylate
PDB ligand ID	BAX (PDBe, RCSB PDB)
Chemical data
Formula	C21H16ClF3N4O3
Mol. mass	464.825 g/mol

 

4-(4-{3-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ureido}phenoxy)-Λ/²-methylpyridine-2- carboxamide is commonly known as sorafenib (I). Sorafenib is prepared as its tosylate salt. Sorafenib blocks the enzyme RAF kinase, a critical component of the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway that controls cell division and proliferation; in addition, sorafenib inhibits the VEGFR-2/PDGFR-beta signaling cascade, thereby blocking tumor angiogenesis.

Sorafenib, marketed as Nexavar by Bayer, is a drug approved for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (primary kidney cancer). It has also received “Fast Track” designation by the FDA for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). It is a small molecular inhibitor of Raf kinase, PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor), VEGF receptor 2 & 3 kinases and c Kit the receptor for Stem cell factor.

 

Sorafenib and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof is disclosed in WO0042012. Sorafenib is also disclosed in WO0041698. Both these patents disclose processes for the preparation of sorafenib.

WO0042012 and WO0041698 describe the process as given in scheme I which comprises reacting picolinic acid (II) with thionyl chloride in dimethyl formamide (DMF) to form acid chloride salt (III). This salt is then reacted with methylamine dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) to give carboxamide (IV). This carboxamide when further reacted with 4- aminophenol in anhydrous DMF and potassium tert-butoxide 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4- pyridyloxy)aniline (V) is formed. Subsequent reaction of this aniline with 4-chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl isocyanate (Vl) in methylene chloride yields sorafenib (I). The reaction is represented by Scheme I as given below.

Scheme I

 

Picolini

Sorafenib (I)

WO2006034796 also discloses a process for the preparation of sorafenib and its tosylate salt. The process comprises reacting 2-picolinic acid (II) with thionyl chloride in a solvent inert toward thionyl chloride without using dimethyl formamide to form acid chloride salt (III). This acid salt on further reaction with aqueous solution methylamine or gaseous methylamine gives compound (IV). Compound (IV) is then reacted with 4-aminophenol with addition of a carbonate salt in the presence of a base to yield compound (V).

Compound (V) can also be obtained by reacting compound (IV) with 4-aminophenol in the presence of water with addition of a phase transfer catalyst. Compound (V) when reacted with 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl isocyanate (Vl) in a non-chlorinated organic solvent, inert towards isocyanate gives sorafenib (I). Sorafenib by admixing with p- toluenesulfonic acid in a polar solvent gives sorafenib tosylate (VII). The reaction is represented by Scheme Il as given below.

Scheme Il

P

A key step in the synthesis of sorafenib is the formation of the urea bond. The processes disclosed in the prior art involve reactions of an isocyanate with an amine. These isocyanate compounds though commercially available are very expensive. Further synthesis of isocyanate is very difficult which requires careful and skillful handling of reagents.

Isocyanate is prepared by reaction of an amine with phosgene or a phosgene equivalent, such as bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (triphosgene) or trichloromethyl chloroformate (diphosgene). Isocyanate can also be prepared by using a hazardous reagent such as an azide. Also, the process for preparation of an isocyanate requires harsh reaction conditions such as strong acid, higher temperature etc. Further, this isocyanate is reacted with an amine to give urea.

Reactions of isocyanates suffer from one or more disadvantages. For example phosgene or phosgene equivalents are hazardous and dangerous to use and handle on a large scale. These reagents are also not environment friendly. Isocyanates themselves are thermally unstable compounds and undergo decomposition on storage and they are incompatible with a number of organic compounds. Thus, the use of isocyanate is not well suited for industrial scale application.

 

Sorafenib and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates are reported for the first time in WO0041698 (corresponding US 03139605) by Bayer. In the literature only one route is disclosed for the preparation of sorafenib. According to this route (Scheme-I), picolinic acid of formula III is reacted with thionyl chloride to give the 4-chloro derivative which on treatment

 

VII

Scheme-I with methanol gave the methyl ester of formula V. Compound of formula V is reacted with methylamine to get the corresponding amide of formula VL Compound of formula VI is reacted with 4-aminophenol to get the ether derivative of formula VII. Compound of formula VII is reacted with 4-chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenylisocyante to get sorafenib base of formula I. Overall yield of sorafenib in this process is 10% from commercially available 2-picolinic acid of formula II. Main drawback in this process is chromatographic purification of the intermediates involved in the process and low yield at every step.

Donald Bankston’s (Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 2002, 6, 777-781) development of an improved synthesis of the above basic route afforded sorafenib in an overall yield of 63% without involving any chromatographic purification. Process improvements like reduction of time in thionyl chloride reaction; avoid the isolation of intermediates of formulae IV and V₅ reduction of base quantity in p-aminophenol reaction, etc lead to the simplification of process and improvement in yield of final compound of formula I.

Above mentioned improvements could not reduce the number of steps in making sorafenib of formula-I. In the first step all the raw materials are charged and heated to target temperature (72°C). Such a process on commercial scale will lead to sudden evolution of gas emissions such as sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride. Also, in the aminophenol reaction two bases (potassium carbonate and potassium t-butoxide) were used in large excess to accomplish the required transformation.

A scalable process for the preparation of sorafenib is disclosed in WO2006034796. In this process also above mentioned chemistry is used in making sorafenib of formula I. In the first step, catalytic quantity. of DMF used in the prior art process is replaced with reagents like hydrogen bromide, thionyl bromide and sodium bromide. Yield of required product remained same without any advantages from newly introduced corrosive reagents. Process improvements like change of solvents, reagents, etc were applied in subsequent steps making the process scalable. Overall yield of sorafenib is increased to 74% from the prior art 63% yield. Purity of sorafenib is only 95% and was obtained as light brown colored solid.

Main drawbacks in this process are production of low quality sorafenib and requirement of corrosive and difficult to handle reagents such as thionyl bromide and hydrogen bromide. Also, there is no major improvement in the yield of sorafenib.

 

Sorafenib tosylate ( Brand name: Nexavar ®, BAY 43-9006 other name, Chinese name: Nexavar, sorafenib, Leisha Wa) was Approved by U.S. FDA for the treatment of advanced kidney cancer in 2005 and liver cancer in 2007 .

Sorafenib, co-Developed and co-marketed by Germany-based Bayer AG and South San Francisco-based Onyx Pharmaceuticals , is an Oral Multi-kinase inhibitor for VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, PDGFRbeta, Kit, RET and Raf-1.

In March 2012 Indian drugmaker Natco Pharma received the first compulsory license ever from Indian Patent Office to make a generic Version of Bayer’s Nexavar despite the FACT that Nexavar is still on Patent. This Decision was based on the Bayer Drug being too expensive to most patients. The Nexavar price is expected to drop from $ 5,500 per person each month to $ 175, a 97 percent decline. The drug generated $ 934 million in global sales in 2010, according to India’s Patent Office.

Sorafenib tosylate

Chemical Name: 4-Methyl-3-((4 – (3-pyridinyl)-2-pyrimidinyl) amino)-N-(5 – (4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) -3 – (trifluoromethyl) phenyl) benzamide monomethanesulfonate, Sorafenib tosylate

CAS Number 475207-59-1 (Sorafenib tosylate ) , 284461-73-0 (Sorafenib)

References for the Preparation of Sorafenib References

1) Bernd Riedl, Jacques Dumas, Uday Khire, Timothy B. Lowinger, William J. Scott, Roger A. Smith, Jill E. Wood, Mary-Katherine Monahan, Reina Natero, Joel Renick, Robert N. Sibley; Omega-carboxyaryl Substituted diphenyl Ureas as RAF kinase inhibitors ; U.S. Patent numberUS7235576
2) Rossetto, Pierluigi; Macdonald, Peter, Lindsay; Canavesi, Augusto; Process for preparation of sorafenib and Intermediates thereof , PCT Int. Appl., WO2009111061
3) Lögers, Michael; gehring, Reinhold; Kuhn, Oliver; Matthäus, Mike; Mohrs, Klaus; müller-gliemann, Matthias; Stiehl, jürgen; berwe, Mathias; Lenz, Jana; Heilmann, Werner; Process for the preparation of 4 – {4 – [( {[4-chloro-3-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL) phenyl] amino} carbonyl) amino] phenoxy}-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide , PCT Int. Appl., WO2006034796
4) Shikai Xiang, Liu Qingwei, Xieyou Rong, sorafenib preparation methods, invention patent application Publication No. CN102311384 , Application No. CN201010212039
5) Zhao multiply there, Chenlin Jie, Xu Xu, MASS MEDIA Ji Yafei; sorafenib tosylate synthesis ,Chinese Journal of Pharmaceuticals , 2007 (9): 614 -616

Preparation of Sorafenib Tosylate (Nexavar) Nexavar, sorafenib Preparation of methyl sulfonate

Sorafenib (Sorafenib) chemical name 4 – {4 – [({[4 – chloro -3 – (trifluoromethyl) phenyl] amino} carbonyl) amino] phenoxy}-N-methyl-pyridine -2 – formamide by Bayer (Bayer) research and development, in 2005 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Trade name Nexavar (Nexavar). This product is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of liver cancer and kidney cancer.

Indian Patent Office in March this year for Bayer’s Nexavar in liver and kidney cancer drugs (Nexavar) has released a landmark “compulsory licensing” (compulsory license). Indian Patent Office that due to the high price Nexavar in India, the vast majority of patients can not afford the drug locally, thus requiring local Indian pharmaceutical company Natco cheap Nexavar sales. Nexavar in 2017 before patent expiry, Natco pay only Bayer’s pharmaceutical sales to 6% royalties. The move to make Nexavar patent drug prices, the supply price from $ 5,500 per month dropped to $ 175, the price reduction of 97%. Compulsory licensing in India for other life-saving drugs and patent medicines overpriced open a road, the Indian Patent Office through this decision made it clear that the patent monopoly does not guarantee that the price is too high. Nexavar is a fight against advanced renal cell carcinoma, liver cancer cure. In China, a box of 60 capsules of Nexavar price of more than 25,000 yuan. In accordance with the recommended dose, which barely enough to eat half of patients with advanced cancer. In September this year India a patent court rejected Bayer Group in India cheap drugmaker emergency appeal. Indian government to refuse patent medicine overpriced undo “compulsory licensing rules,” allowing the production of generic drugs Nexavar.

Sorafenat by Natco – Sorafenib – Nexavar – India natco Nexavar

Chemical Synthesis of  Sorafenib Tosylate (Nexavar)

Sorafenib tosylate (brand name :Nexavar®, other name BAY 43-9006, was approved by US FDA for the treatment of kidney cancer in 2005 and advanced liver cancer in 2007.

US Patent US7235576, WO2006034796, WO2009111061 and Faming Zhuanli Shenqing(CN102311384) disclosed processes for preparation of sorafenib base and its salt sorafenib tosylate.

References

1)Bernd Riedl, Jacques Dumas, Uday Khire, Timothy B. Lowinger, William J. Scott, Roger A. Smith, Jill E. Wood, Mary-Katherine Monahan, Reina Natero, Joel Renick, Robert N. Sibley; Omega-carboxyaryl substituted diphenyl ureas as raf kinase inhibitors; US patent numberUS7235576
2)Rossetto, pierluigi; Macdonald, peter, lindsay; Canavesi, augusto; Process for preparation of sorafenib and intermediates thereof, PCT Int. Appl., WO2009111061
3)Lögers, michael; gehring, reinhold; kuhn, oliver; matthäus, mike; mohrs, klaus; müller-gliemann, matthias; stiehl, jürgen; berwe, mathias; lenz, jana; heilmann, werner; Process for the preparation of 4-{4-[({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)amino]phenoxy}-n-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide, PCT Int. Appl., WO2006034796CN102311384, CN201010212039

Full Experimental Details for the preparation of Sorafenib Tosylate (Nexavar) 

Synthesis of 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline.

A solution of 4-aminophenol (9.60 g, 88.0 mmol) in anh. DMF (150 mL) was treated with potassium tert-butoxide (10.29 g, 91.7 mmol), and the reddish-brown mixture was stirred at room temp. for 2 h. The contents were treated with 4-chloro- N -methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (15.0 g, 87.9mmol) and K2CO3 (6.50 g, 47.0 mmol) and then heated at 80°C. for 8 h. The mixture was cooled to room temp. and separated between EtOAc (500 mL) and a saturated NaCl solution (500 mL). The aqueous phase was back-extracted with EtOAc (300 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with a saturated NaCl solution (4×1000 mL), dried (Na2SO4) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting solids were dried under reduced pressure at 35°C. for 3 h to afford 4-(2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-pyridyloxy)aniline as a light-brown solid 17.9 g, 84%):. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6) δ 2.77 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H), 5.17 (br s, 2H), 6.64, 6.86 (AA’BB’ quartet, J = 8.4 Hz, 4H), 7.06 (dd, J = 5.5, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 5.5 Hz; 1H), 8.73 (br d, 1H); HPLC ES-MS m/z 244 ((M+H)+).

Synthesis of 4-{4-[({[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}carbonyl)amino]phenoxy}-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide (sorafenib)

4-(4-Aminophenoxy)-N-methyl-2-pyridinecarboxamide (52.3 kg, 215 mol) is suspended in ethyl acetate (146 kg) and the suspension is heated to approx. 40° C. 4-Chloro-3-trifluoromethylphenyl isocyanate (50 kg, 226 mol), dissolved in ethyl acetate (58 kg), is then added to such a degree that the temperature is kept below 60° C. After cooling to 20° C. within 1 h, the mixture is stirred for a further 30 min and the product is filtered off. After washing with ethyl acetate (30 kg), the product is dried under reduced pressure (50° C., 80 mbar). 93 kg (93% of theory) of the title compound are obtained as colorless to slightly brownish crystals. m.p. 206-208° C. 1H-NMR (DMSO-d6, 500 MHz): δ =2.79 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 3H, NCH3); 7.16 (dd, J=2.5, 5.6 Hz, 1H, 5-H); 7.18 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H, 3′-H, 5′-H); 7.38 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H, 3-H); 7.60-7.68 (m, 4H, 2′-H, 6′-H, 5″-H, 6″-H); 8.13 (d, J=1.9 Hz, 1H, 2″-H); 8.51 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H, 6-H); 8.81 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H, NHCH3); 9.05 (br. s, 1H, NHCO); 9.25 (br. s, 1H, NHCO) MS (ESI, CH3CN/H2O): m/e=465 [M+H]+.

Synthesis of Sorafenib Tosylate (Nexavar)

4-(4-{3-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ureido}phenoxy)-N2-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide (sorafenib) (50g, 0.1076 mol) is suspended in ethyl acetate (500 g) and water (10g). The mixture is heated to 69°C within 0.5 h, and a filtered solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (3.26 g, 0.017 mol) in a mixture of water (0.65 g) and ethyl acetate (7.2 g) is added. After filtration a filtered solution of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (22g, 0.11 mol) in a mixture of ethyl acetate (48 g) and water (4.34 g) is added. The mixture is cooled to 23°C within 2 h. The product is filtered off, washed twice with ethyl acetate (92.5 g each time) and dried under reduced pressure. The sorafenib tosylate (65.5 g, 96% of theory) is obtained as colorless to slightly brownish crystals.

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http://www.google.com/patents/EP2195286A2?cl=en

Example 22: Synthesis of Sorafenib

Phenyl 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylcarbamate (100 g, 0.3174 mol) and 4-(4- aminophenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide (77.14 g, 0.3174 mol) were dissolved in N₁N- dimethyl formamide (300 ml) to obtain a clear reaction mass. The reaction mass was agitated at 40-45⁰C for 2-3 hours, cooled to room temperature and diluted with ethyl acetate (1000 ml). The organic layer was washed with water (250 ml) followed by 1N HCI (250ml) and finally with brine (250 ml). The organic layer was separated, dried over sodium sulfate and degassed to obtain solid. This solid was stripped with ethyl acetate and finally slurried in ethyl acetate (1000 ml) at room temperature. It was then filtered and vacuum dried to give (118 g) of 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ureido)phenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide (sorafenib base).

Example 23: Synthesis of 1-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea (Compound 4)

Sodium cyanate (1.7 g, 0.02mol) was dissolved in water (17ml) at room temperature to obtain a clear solution. This solution was then charged drop wise to the clear solution of 3- trifluoromethyl-4-chloroaniline (5 g, 0.025 mol) in acetic acid (25 ml) at 40°C-45°C within 1- 2 hours. The reaction mass was agitated for whole day and cooled gradually to room temperature. The obtained solid was filtered washed with water and vacuum dried at 50⁰C to afford the desired product (5.8 g) i.e. 1-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea.

Example 24: Synthesis of Sorafenib

1-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)urea (15 g, 0.0628 mol), 1 ,8- diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (11.75 ml, 0.078 mol) and 4-(4-aminophenoxy)-N- methylpicolinamide (15.27 g, 0.0628 mol) were mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide (45 ml) and the reaction mass was then heated to 110-120⁰C for 12-18 hours. The reaction mass was cooled to room temperature and quenched in water (250 ml). The quenched mass was extracted repeatedly with ethyl acetate and the combined ethyl acetate layer was then back washed with water. It was dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated under vacuum to obtain solid. The obtained solid was slurried in acetonitrile (150 ml) at ambient temperature and filtered to give 4-(4-(3-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) ureido) phenoxy)-N-methylpicolinamide (sorafenib base) (17.5 g).

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http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009054004A2?cl=en

http://worldwide.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=WO&NR=2009054004A2&KC=A2&FT=D&date=20090430&DB=EPODOC&locale=en_gb

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation of l-(4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyI)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)urea Into a 250 ml, four-necked RB flask was charged 1O g of 4-aminophenol and 100 ml of toluene. A solution of 4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl isocyante (20.4 g) in toluene (50 ml) was added to the reaction mass at 25-30⁰C. The reaction mass was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mass was filtered and washed the. solid with 50 ml of toluene. The wet material was dried in the oven at 50-60°C to get 29.8 g of title compound as white solid. M.P. is 218-222°C. IR (KBr): 3306, 1673, 1625, 1590, 1560, 1517, 1482, 1435, 1404, 1328, 1261, 1182, 1160, 1146, 1125, 1095, 1032, 884, 849, 832, 812, 766, 746, 724, 683, 539 and 434 cm^“1.

Example 2 Preparation of sorafenib tosylate

Into a 100 ml, three-necked RB flask was charged 2.0 g of l-(4-chloro-3- (trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)urea and 10 ml of DMF. Potassium tert- butoxide (2.3 g) was added to the reaction mass and stirred for 45 min at RT. 4-Chlro-N- methylpicolinamide (1.14 g) and potassium carbonate (0.42 g) were added to the reaction mass and heated to 80°C. The reaction mass was maintained at 80-85°C for 8 h and cooled to 30°C. The reaction mass was poured into water and extracted with ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate layer was washed with water, brine and dried over sodium sulphate. Solvent was distilled of under reduced pressure.

The crude compound (4.7 g) was dissolved in 10 ml of IPA and added 1.9 g of p- toluenesulfonic acid. The reaction mass was stirred at RT for 15 h and filtered. The wet solid was washed with 10 ml of IPA and dried at 50-60°C to get 3.4 g of title compound as off-white crystalline solid.

 

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A Scaleable Synthesis of BAY 43-9006:  A Potent Raf Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer

Donald Bankston,*Jacques Dumas,Reina Natero,Bernd Riedl,Mary-Katherine Monahan, andRobert Sibley

Bayer Research Center, Pharmaceutical Division, 400 Morgan Lane, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, U.S.A.

Org. Proc. Res. Dev., 2002, 6 (6), pp 777–781

DOI: 10.1021/op020205n

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/op020205n

Urea 3 (BAY 43–9006), a potent Raf kinase inhibitor, was prepared in four steps with an overall yield of 63%. Significant process research enabled isolation of each intermediate and target without chromatographic purification, and overall yield increases >50% were observed compared to those from previous methods. This report focuses on improved synthetic strategies for production of scaled quantities of 3 for preclinical, toxicological studies. These improvements may be useful to assemble other urea targets as potential therapeutic agents to combat cancer.

Synthesis of N-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]({4-[2-(N-methyl-carbamoyl)(4-pyridyloxy)]phenyl}amino)carboxamide (3, BAY 43–9006).

A suspension of 9 (67.00 g, 275.43 mmol) in methylene chloride ———————-DELETE………………………………The solids were washed with methylene chloride (2 × 50 mL) and dried under vacuum for 4 h at 35 °C to afford 3 (118.19 g, 254.27 mmol, 92%) as an off-white solid.

Mp = 210−212 °C.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 300 MHz):

δ 2.77 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 3H, −NHCH₃);

7.16 (m, 3H, aromatic);

7.37 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H, aromatic);

7.62 (m, 4H, aromatic);

8.11 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H, aromatic);

8.49 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H, aromatic);

8.77 (br d, 1H, −NHCH₃);

8.99 (s, 1H, −NHCO−); 9.21 (s, 1H, −NHCO−).

Mass spectrum (HPLC/ES):  m/e = 465 (M + 1).

Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₁₆N₄ClF₃O₃:  C, 54.26; H, 3.47; N, 12.05. Found:  C, 54.11; H, 3.49; N, 12.03.

HPLC (ELS) purity >98%:  t_R = 3.5 min.

Synthesis of N-[4-Chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]({4-[2-(N-methyl-carbamoyl)(4-pyridyloxy)]phenyl}amino)carboxamide (3, BAY 43–9006):  Use of CDI.

A solution of 11 (1.25 g, 6.39 mmol) in methylene chloride———————-DELETED……………………. high vacuum at 35 °C for 2 h to afford 3 (2.55 g, 5.49 mmol, 91%) as a white solid. Proton NMR and mass-spectral data were consistent with structure.

Anal. Calcd for C₂₁H₁₆N₄ClF₃O₃:   C, 54.26; H, 3.47; N, 12.05; Cl, 7.63. Found:  C, 54.24; H, 3.31; N, 12.30; Cl, 7.84.

Mp (differential scanning calorimetry, 10 °C/min):  205.6 °C;

no polymorphs observed.

References

1. “FDA Approves Nexavar for Patients with Inoperable Liver Cancer” (Press release). FDA. November 19, 2007. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
2. “Nexavar (sorafenib) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more”. Medscape Reference. WebMD. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
3. “NEXAVAR (sorafenib) tablet, film coated [Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.]”. DailyMed. Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc. November 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
4. “Nexavar 200mg film-coated tablets – Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) – (eMC)”. electronic Medicines Compendium. Bayer plc. 27 March 2013. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
5. “PRODUCT INFORMATION NEXAVAR® (sorafenib tosylate)” (PDF). TGA eBusiness Services. Bayer Australia Ltd. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
6. Escudier, B; Eisen, T; Stadler, WM; Szczylik, C; Oudard, S; Siebels, M; Negrier, S; Chevreau, C; Solska, E; Desai, AA; Rolland, F; Demkow, T; Hutson, TE; Gore, M; Freeman, S; Schwartz, B; Shan, M; Simantov, R; Bukowski, RM (January 2007). “Sorafenib in advanced clear-cell renal-cell carcinoma”. New England Journal of Medicine 356 (2): 125–34. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa060655. PMID 17215530.
7. Walid, MS; Johnston, KW (October 2009). “Successful treatment of a brain-metastasized renal cell carcinoma”. German Medical Science 7: Doc28. doi:10.3205/000087. PMC 2775194. PMID 19911072.
8. “Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) -SORAFENIB”. Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Australian Government Department of Health. Retrieved 27 December 2013.
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10. Keating GM, Santoro A (2009). “Sorafenib: a review of its use in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma”. Drugs 69 (2): 223–40. doi:10.2165/00003495-200969020-00006. PMID 19228077.
11. Pawlik TM, Reyes DK, Cosgrove D, Kamel IR, Bhagat N, Geschwind JF (October 2011). “Phase II trial of sorafenib combined with concurrent transarterial chemoembolization with drug-eluting beads for hepatocellular carcinoma”. J. Clin. Oncol. 29 (30): 3960–7. doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.37.1021. PMID 21911714.
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16. Smalley KS, Xiao M, Villanueva J, Nguyen TK, Flaherty KT, Letrero R, Van Belle P, Elder DE, Wang Y, Nathanson KL, Herlyn M (January 2009). “CRAF inhibition induces apoptosis in melanoma cells with non-V600E BRAF mutations”. Oncogene 28 (1): 85–94. doi:10.1038/onc.2008.362. PMC 2898184. PMID 18794803.
17. Wilhelm SM, Adnane L, Newell P, Villanueva A, Llovet JM, Lynch M (October 2008). “Preclinical overview of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor that targets both Raf and VEGF and PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling”. Mol. Cancer Ther. 7 (10): 3129–40. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-08-0013. PMID 18852116.
18. Zhang Y (Jan 2014). “Screening of kinase inhibitors targeting BRAF for regulating autophagy based on kinase pathways.”. J Mol Med Rep 9 (1): 83–90. PMID 24213221.
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20. FDA Approval letter for use of sorafenib in advanced renal cancer
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External links

• Nexavar.com – Manufacturer’s website
• Prescribing Information – includes data from the key studies justifying the use of sorafenib for the treatment of kidney cancer (particularly clear cell renal cell carcinoma, which is associated with the von Hippel-Lindau gene)
• Patient Information from FDA
• Sorafenib in Treating Patients With Soft Tissue Sarcomas
• Sorafenib Sunitinib differences – diagram
• ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00217399  – Sorafenib and Anastrozole in Treating Postmenopausal Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer
• Cipla launches Nexavar generic at 1/10 of Bayer’s price

 

 

Reference
1	*	D. BANKSTON ET AL.: “A Scalable Synthesis of BAY 43-9006: A Potent Raf Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer” ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT, vol. 6, no. 6, 2002, pages 777-781, XP002523918 cited in the application
2	*	PAN W ET AL: “Pyrimido-oxazepine as a versatile template for the development of inhibitors of specific kinases” BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS, PERGAMON, ELSEVIER SCIENCE, GB, vol. 15, no. 24, 15 December 2005 (2005-12-15), pages 5474-5477, XP025314229 ISSN: 0960-894X [retrieved on 2005-12-15]

 

Citing Patent	Filing date	Publication date	Applicant	Title
WO2011036647A1	Sep 24, 2010	Mar 31, 2011	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Process for the preparation of sorafenib tosylate
WO2011036648A1	Sep 24, 2010	Mar 31, 2011	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Polymorphs of sorafenib acid addition salts
WO2011058522A1	Nov 12, 2010	May 19, 2011	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Sorafenib ethylsulfonate salt, process for preparation and use
WO2011092663A2	Jan 28, 2011	Aug 4, 2011	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	4-(4-{3-[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ureido}phenoxy)-n2-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide dimethyl sulphoxide solvate
WO2011113367A1 *	Mar 17, 2011	Sep 22, 2011	Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Method and process for preparation and production of deuterated ω-diphenylurea
US8552197	Nov 12, 2010	Oct 8, 2013	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Sorafenib ethylsulfonate salt, process for preparation and use
US8604208	Sep 24, 2010	Dec 10, 2013	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Polymorphs of sorafenib acid addition salts
US8609854	Sep 24, 2010	Dec 17, 2013	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Process for the preparation of sorafenib tosylate
US8618305	Jan 28, 2011	Dec 31, 2013	Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited	Sorafenib dimethyl sulphoxide solvate
US8669369	Mar 17, 2011	Mar 11, 2014	Suzhou Zelgen Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	Method and process for preparation and production of deuterated Ω-diphenylurea

http://www.pharmatimes.com/Article/14-07-07/Japan_approves_world_s_first_PD-1_drug_nivolumab.aspx

old article cut paste

NIVOLUMAB

Anti-PD-1;BMS-936558; ONO-4538

PRONUNCIATION nye vol’ ue mab
THERAPEUTIC CLAIM Treatment of cancer
CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION
A fully human IgG4 antibody blocking the programmed cell death-1 receptor (Medarex/Ono Pharmaceuticals/Bristol-Myers Squibb)
MOLECULAR FORMULA C6362H9862N1712O1995S42
MOLECULAR WEIGHT 143.6 kDa

SPONSOR Bristol-Myers Squibb
CODE DESIGNATION MDX-1106, BMS-936558
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER 946414-94-4

Bristol-Myers Squibb announced promising results from an expanded phase 1 dose-ranging study of its lung cancer drug nivolumab

Nivolumab (nye vol’ ue mab) is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody designed for the treatment of cancer. Nivolumab was developed by Bristol-Myers Squibb and is also known as BMS-936558 and MDX1106.^[1] Nivolumab acts as an immunomodulator by blocking ligand activation of the Programmed cell death 1 receptor.

A Phase 1 clinical trial ^[2] tested nivolumab at doses ranging from 0.1 to 10.0 mg per kilogram of body weight, every 2 weeks. Response was assessed after each 8-week treatment cycle, and were evaluable for 236 of 296 patients. Study authors concluded that:”Anti-PD-1 antibody produced objective responses in approximately one in four to one in five patients with non–small-cell lung cancer, melanoma, or renal-cell cancer; the adverse-event profile does not appear to preclude its use.”^[3]

Phase III clinical trials of nivolumab are recruiting in the US and EU.^[4]

1.  Statement On A Nonproprietary Name Adopted By The USAN Council – Nivolumab, American Medical Association.
2.  A Phase 1b Study of MDX-1106 in Subjects With Advanced or Recurrent Malignancies (MDX1106-03), NIH.
3.  Topalian SL, et al. (June 2012). “Safety, Activity, and Immune Correlates of Anti–PD-1 Antibody in Cancer”. New England Journal of Medicine 366. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1200690. Lay summary – New York Times.
4.  Nivolumab at ClinicalTrials.gov, A service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

The PD-1 blocking antibody nivolumab continues to demonstrate sustained clinical activity in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to updated long-term survival data from a phase I trial.

Survival rates at one year with nivolumab were 42% and reached 24% at two years, according to the median 20.3-month follow up. Additionally, the objective response rate (ORR) with nivolumab, defined as complete or partial responses by standard RECIST criteria, was 17% for patients with NSCLC. Results from the updated analysis will be presented during the 2013 World Conference on Lung Cancer on October 29.

“Lung cancer is very difficult to treat and there continues to be a high unmet medical need for these patients, especially those who have received multiple treatments,” David R. Spigel, MD, the program director of Lung Cancer Research at the Sarah Cannon Research Institute and one of the authors of the updated analysis, said in a statement.

“With nivolumab, we are investigating an approach to treating lung cancer that is designed to work with the body’s own immune system, and these are encouraging phase I results that support further investigation in larger scale trials.”

In the phase I trial, 306 patients received intravenous nivolumab at 0.1–10 mg/kg every-other-week for ≤12 cycles (4 doses/8 week cycle). In all, the trial enrolled patients with NSCLC, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and prostate cancer.

The long-term follow up focused specifically on the 129 patients with NSCLC. In this subgroup, patients treated with nivolumab showed encouraging clinical activity. The participants had a median age of 65 years and good performance status scores, and more than half had received three or more prior therapies. Across all doses of nivolumab, the median overall survival was 9.9 months, based on Kaplan-Meier estimates.

In a previous update of the full trial results presented at the 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting, drug-related adverse events of all grades occurred in 72% of patients and grade 3/4 events occurred in 15%. Grade 3/4 pneumonitis related to treatment with nivolumab emerged early in the trial, resulting in 3 deaths. As a result, a treatment algorithm for early detection and management was developed to prevent this serious side effect.

Nivolumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks the PD-1 receptor from binding to both of its known ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2. This mechanism, along with early data, suggested an associated between PD-L1 expression and response to treatment.

In separate analysis presented at the 2013 World Conference on Lung Cancer, the association of tumor PD-L1 expression and clinical activity in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab was further explored. Of the 129 patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab in the phase I trial, 63 with NSCLC were tested for PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (29 squamous; 34 non-squamous).

 

Vibegron, MK-4618

Target-based Actions Beta 3 adrenoceptor agonist
Indications Overactive bladder; Urinary incontinence

Kyorin Pharmaceutical, under license from Merck, is developing vibegron (phase II, September 2014) for the treating of overactive bladder. In July 2014, Merck has granted to Kyorin an exclusive license to develop, manufacture and commercialize vibegron in Japan.

MK-4618 is being developed in phase II clinical trials at Merck & Co. for the treatment of overactive bladder. The company had been developing the compound for the treatment of endocrine disorders and hypertension; however, recent progress reports are not available at present.

In 2014, Merck licensed the product to Kyorin for development and commercialization in Japan.

The function of the lower urinary tract is to store and periodically release urine. This requires the orchestration of storage and micturition reflexes which involve a variety of afferent and efferent neural pathways, leading to modulation of central and peripheral neuroeffector mechanisms, and resultant coordinated regulation of sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system as well as somatic motor pathways. These proximally regulate the contractile state of bladder (detrusor) and urethral smooth muscle, and urethral sphincter striated muscle.

β Adrenergic receptors (βAR) are present in detrusor smooth muscle of various species, including human, rat, guinea pig, rabbit, ferret, dog, cat, pig and non-human primate. However, pharmacological studies indicate there are marked species differences in the receptor subtypes mediating relaxation of the isolated detrusor; β1AR predominate in cats and guinea pig, β2AR predominate in rabbit, and β3AR contribute or predominate in dog, rat, ferret, pig, cynomolgus and human detrusor. Expression of βAR subtypes in the human and rat detrusor has been examined by a variety of techniques, and the presence of β3AR was confirmed using in situ hybridization and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Real time quantitative PCR analyses of β1AR, β2AR and β3AR mRNAs in bladder tissue from patients undergoing radical cystectomy revealed a preponderance of β3AR mRNA (97%, cf 1.5% for β1AR mRNA and 1.4% for β2AR mRNA). Moreover, β3AR mRNA expression was equivalent in control and obstructed human bladders. These data suggest that bladder outlet obstruction does not result in downregulation of β3AR, or in alteration of β3AR-mediated detrusor relaxation. β3AR responsiveness also has been compared in bladder strips obtained during cystectomy or enterocystoplasty from patients judged to have normal bladder function, and from patients with detrusor hyporeflexia or hyperreflexia. No differences in the extent or potency of β3AR agonist mediated relaxation were observed, consistent with the concept that the β3AR activation is an effective way of relaxing the detrusor in normal and pathogenic states.

Functional evidence in support of an important role for the β3AR in urine storage emanates from studies in vivo. Following intravenous administration to rats, the rodent selective β3AR agonist CL316243 reduces bladder pressure and in cystomeric studies increases bladder capacity leading to prolongation of micturition interval without increasing residual urine volume.

Overactive bladder is characterized by the symptoms of urinary urgency, with or without urgency urinary incontinence, usually associated with frequency and nocturia. The prevalence of OAB in the United States and Europe has been estimated at 16 to 17% in both women and men over the age of 18 years. Overactive bladder is most often classified as idiopathic, but can also be secondary to neurological condition, bladder outlet obstruction, and other causes. From a pathophysiologic perspective, the overactive bladder symptom complex, especially when associated with urge incontinence, is suggestive of detrusor overactivity. Urgency with or without incontinence has been shown to negatively impact both social and medical well-being, and represents a significant burden in terms of annual direct and indirect healthcare expenditures. Importantly, current medical therapy for urgency (with or without incontinence) is suboptimal, as many patients either do not demonstrate an adequate response to current treatments, and/or are unable to tolerate current treatments (for example, dry mouth associated with anticholinergic therapy). Therefore, there is need for new, well-tolerated therapies that effectively treat urinary frequency, urgency and incontinence, either as monotherapy or in combination with available therapies. Agents that relax bladder smooth muscle, such as β3AR agonists, are expected to be effective for treating such urinary disorders.

………………………………………………………………………………..

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2013062881A1?cl=en

EXAMPLE 3

To a three neck flask equipped with a N₂ inlet, a thermo couple probe was charged pyrrolidine i-11 (10.0 g), sodium salt i-12 (7.87 g), followed by IPA (40 mL) and water (24 mL). 5 N HC1 (14.9 mL) was then slowly added over a period of 20 min to adjust pH = 3.3- 3.5, maintaining the batch temperature below 35 °C. Solid EDC hydrochloride (7.47 g) was charged in portions over 30 min. The reaction mixture was aged at RT for additional 0.5 – 1 h, aqueous ammonia (14%) was added dropwise to pH ~8.6. The batch was seeded and aged for additional 1 h to form a slurry bed. The rest aqueous ammonia (14%, 53.2 ml total) was added dropwise over 6 h. The resulting thick slurry was aged 2-3 h before filtration. The wet-cake was displacement washed with 30% IPA (30 mL), followed by 15% IPA (2 x 20mL) and water (2 X 20mL). The cake was suction dried under N₂ overnight to afford 14.3 g of compound of Formula (I)-

1H NMR (DMSO) δ 10.40 (s, NH), 7.92 (d, J = 6.8, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.24 (d, J = 6.8, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J = 9.6, 3.1, 1H), 5.08 (br s, OH), 4.22 (d, J = 7.2, 1H), 3.19 (p, J = 7.0, 1H), 3.16-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.45 (br s, NH), 2.16 (ddt, J = 13.0, 9.6, 3.1, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.39 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.24 (m, 2H).

¹³C NMR (DMSO) δ 167.52, 165.85, 159.83, 154.56, 144.19, 136.48, 135.66, 129.16, 127.71, 126.78, 126.62, 119.07, 112.00, 76.71, 64.34, 61.05, 59.60, 42.22, 31.26, 30.12, 27.09, 23.82.

HPLC method – For monitoring conversion

Column: XBridge C18 cm 15 cm x 4.6 mm, 3.5 μιη particle size;

Column Temp. : 35 °C; Flow rate: 1.5 mL/min; Detection: 220 nm;

Mobile phase: A. 5 mM Na₂B40₇.10 H20 B: Acetonitrile

Gradient:

HPLC method – For level of amide epimer detection

Column: Chiralpak AD-H 5 μηι, 250 mm x 4.6 mm.

Column Temp: 35 °C; Flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; Detection: 250 nm;

Mobile phase: Isocratic 30% Ethanol in hexanes + 0.1% isobutylamine

………………………………………………………………………..

WO 2009124167

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2009124167A1?cl=en

EXAMPLE 103

(6y)-N-r4-({(^‘25′. 5R)-5-r(^‘R)-hvdroxy(^‘phenvnmethyl1pyrrolidin-2-yl}methvnphenyl1-4-oxo- 4,6J,8-tetrahydropyiτolori,2-α1pyrimidine-6-carboxamide

ter?-butyl(2R. 55^f)-2-rCR)-hvdroxy(^‘phenvnmethyl1-5-r4-(^‘{r(^‘65^f)-4-oxo-4.6.7.8-

tetrahydropyrrolof 1.2-alpyrimidin-6- yl]carbonyl} amino)benzyl]pyrrolidine- 1 – carboxylate

To a solution of i-13a (21.4 g, 55.9 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) at O⁰C was added [(65)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[l,2-α]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid (11.1 g, 61.5 mmol), followed by 1 -hydroxybenzotriazole (i-44, 7.55 g, 55.9 mmol), N-(3- dimethylaminopropyl)-N^l-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (16.1 g, 84.0 mmol) and N,N- diisopropylethylamine (29.2 ml, 168 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred from O⁰C to ambient temperature for 2 h. Water (600 ml) was added and it was extracted with dichloromethane (600 ml x 2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After removal of the volatiles, the residue was purified by using a Biotage Horizon® system (0-5% then 5% methanol with 10% ammonia/dichloromethane mixture) to afford the title compound which contained 8% of the minor diastereomer. It was further purified by supercritical fluid chromatography (chiral AS column, 40% methanol) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (22.0 g, 72%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.61 (s, IH), 7.93 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, IH), 7.49 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.40 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, IH), 5.36 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, IH), 4.38 (m, IH), 4.12-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m,lH), 3.15-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.91 (dd, J = 13.1, 9.0 Hz, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.38 (m, IH), 1.71-1.49 (m, 13H). LC-MS 567.4 (M+23).

(6S)-N-\4-( U2S. 5R)-5-r(R)-hvdroxy(phenyl)methyl1pyrrolidin-2-

yl}methyl)phenyl1-4-oxo-4,6J,8-tetrahvdropyrrolori,2-α1pyrimidine-6- carboxamide

To a solution of the intermediate from Step A (2.50 g, 4.59 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h. After removal of the volatiles, saturated NaHCCh was added to make the PH value to 8-9. The mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After concentration, crystallization from methanol/acetonitrile afforded the title compound as a white solid (1.23g, 60%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-Cl₆): δ 10.40 (s, IH), 7.91 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, IH), 7.49 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.21 (m, IH), 7.15 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.23 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, IH), 5.11 (dd, J = 9.6, 2.9 Hz, IH), 5.10 (br, IH), 4.21 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, IH), 3.20-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.66-2.51 (m, 3H), 2.16 (m, IH), 1.57 (m, IH), 1.38 (m, IH), 1.29-1.23 (m, 2H). LC-MS 445.3 (M+l).

Using the Biological Assays described above, the human β3 functional activity of Example 103 was determined to be between 11 to 100 nM.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….

CHECK STRUCTURE…………….CAUTION

http://www.google.com/patents/US8247415

CAUTION…………….

Example 103(6S)-N-[4-({(2S,5R)-5-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl}methyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide

Step A: tert-butyl(2R,5S)-2-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]-5-[4-({[(6S)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrimidin-6-yl]carbonyl}amino)benzyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of i-13a (21.4 g, 55.9 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (100 ml) at 0° C. was added [(6S)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrimidine-6-carboxylic acid (11.1 g, 61.5 mmol), followed by 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (i-44, 7.55 g, 55.9 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (16.1 g, 84.0 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (29.2 ml, 168 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred from 0° C. to ambient temperature for 2 h. Water (600 ml) was added and it was extracted with dichloromethane (600 ml×2). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After removal of the volatiles, the residue was purified by using a Biotage Horizon® system (0-5% then 5% methanol with 10% ammonia/dichloromethane mixture) to afford the title compound which contained 8% of the minor diastereomer. It was further purified by supercritical fluid chromatography (chiral AS column, 40% methanol) to afford the title compound as a pale yellow solid (22.0 g, 72%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ 9.61 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.13 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 2H), 6.40 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 5.36 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.12-4.04 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.91 (dd, J=13.1, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.49 (m, 13H). LC-MS 567.4 (M+23).

Step B: (6S)-N-[4-({(2S,5R)-5-[(R)-hydroxy(phenyl)methyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl}methyl)phenyl]-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide

To a solution of the intermediate from Step A (2.50 g, 4.59 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 ml) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15 ml). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h. After removal of the volatiles, saturated NaHCO₃ was added to make the PH value to 8-9. The mixture was then extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After concentration, crystallization from methanol/acetonitrile afforded the title compound as a white solid (1.23 g, 60%). ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆): δ 10.40 (s, 1H), 7.91 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.23 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (dd, J=9.6, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 5.10 (br, 1H), 4.21 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.66-2.51 (m, 3H), 2.16 (m, 1H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.23 (m, 2H). LC-MS 445.3 (M+1).

Using the Biological Assays described above, the human β3 functional activity of Example 103 was determined to be between 11 to 100 nM.

………………………………………………………….

WO2014150639

http://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2014150639&recNum=4&docAn=US2014023858&queryString=EN_ALL:nmr%20AND%20PA:merck&maxRec=11148

Step 6. Preparation of Compound 1-7 from Compound 1-6 and Compound A-2

To a three neck flask equipped with a N₂ inlet, a thermo couple probe was charged pyrrolidine hemihydrate 1-6 (10.3 g), sodium salt A-2 (7.87 g), followed by IPA (40 mL) and water (24 mL). 5 N HC1 (14.9 mL) was then slowly added over a period of 20 minutes to adjust pH = 3.3-3.5, maintaining the batch temperature below 35°C. Solid EDC hydrochloride (7.47 g) was charged in portions over 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was aged at RT for additional 0.5 – 1 hour, aqueous ammonia (14%) was added dropwise to pH -8.6. The batch was seeded and aged for additional 1 hour to form a slurry bed. The rest aqueous ammonia (14%, 53.2 ml total) was added dropwise over 6 hours. The resulting thick slurry was aged 2-3 hours before filtration. The wet-cake was displacement washed with 30% IPA (30 mL), followed by 15% IPA (2 x 20mL) and water (2 X 20mL). The cake was suction dried under N₂ overnight to afford 14.3 g of compound 1-7.

1H NMR (DMSO) δ 10.40 (s, NH), 7.92 (d, J = 6.8, 1H), 7.50 (m, 2H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 2H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.24 (d, J = 6.8, 1H), 5.13 (dd, J = 9.6, 3.1, 1H), 5.08 (br s, OH), 4.22 (d, J = 7.2, 1H), 3.19 (p, J = 7.0, 1H), 3.16-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.45 (br s, NH), 2.16 (ddt, J = 13.0, 9.6, 3.1, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.39 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.24 (m, 2H).

¹³C NMR (DMSO) δ 167.52, 165.85, 159.83, 154.56, 144.19, 136.48, 135.66, 129.16, 127.71, 126.78, 126.62, 119.07, 112.00, 76.71, 64.34, 61.05, 59.60, 42.22, 31.26, 30.12, 27.09, 23.82.

The crystalline freebase anhydrous form I of Compound 1-7 can be characterized by XRPD by

…………………………………………………………………………………………..

WO-2014150633
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp
Process for preparing stable immobilized ketoreductase comprises bonding of recombinant ketoreductase to the resin in a solvent. Useful for synthesis of vibegron intermediates. For a concurrent filling see WO2014150639, claiming the method for immobilization of ketoreductase. Picks up from WO2013062881, claiming the non enzymatic synthesis of vibegron and intermediates.

PRI 724 AND ICG001  do confuse us, my efforts to unlock this confusion

STRUCTURE 4

4-(((6S,9S,9aS)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)octahydro- 1 H-pyrazino[2, 1 -c] [ 1 ,2,4]triazin-6-yl)methyl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate……………seems most likely PRI 724

STRUCTURE 5

Cas 1422253-37-9

(6S,9S,9aS)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-yImethyl)octahydro- 1 H-pyrazino[2, 1 -c] [ 1 ,2,4]triazine- 1 -carboxamide.

compd 2 and 1

OR

COMPD 3

http://www.medkoo.com/Anticancer-trials/PRI-724.htm and similar/Same

http://www.nature.com/nrc/journal/v14/n4/fig_tab/nrc3690_T1.html

compd 3.both above str are same

One of compd 1,2, 3, 4, 5 see at the end as an update ,  CAN BE ICG001,  PRI-724,

Prism Biolab Corporation

Beta-catenin (CTNNB1) inhibitor

ICG001, also known as PRI-724, is a potent, specific inhibitor of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in cancer stem cells with potential antineoplastic activity. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor PRI-724 specifically inhibits the recruiting of beta-catenin with its coactivator CBP (the binding protein of the cAMP response element-binding protein CREB); together with other transcription factors beta-catenin/CBP binds to WRE (Wnt-responsive element) and activates transcription of a wide range of target genes of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Blocking the interaction of CBP and beta-catenin by this agent prevents gene expression of many proteins necessary for growth, thereby potentially suppressing cancer cell growth. The Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, motility, and proliferation; aberrant regulation of this pathway leads to neoplastic proliferation.

JAPAN

4-(((6S,9S)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahy- dro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-yl)methyl) phenyl dihydrogen phosphate

(6S,9S)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c] [I,z,4]triazine-1-carboxamide,

4-(((6S,9S,9aS)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)octahydro- 1 H-pyrazino[2, 1 -c] [ 1 ,2,4]triazin-6-yl)methyl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate

(6S,9S,9aS)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-yImethyl)octahydro- 1 H-pyrazino[2, 1 -c] [ 1 ,2,4]triazine- 1 -carboxamide.

Compound A  as in wo 2014061827……..4-(((6S,9S,9aS)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)octahydro- 1 H-pyrazino[2, 1 -c] [ 1 ,2,4]triazin-6-yl)methyl)phenyI dihydrogen phosphate in     WO2014061827

4-(((6S,9S)-1-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl)octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-yl)methyl)phenyl dihydrogen phosphate (presumed to be PRI-724; first disclosed in WO2009148192), useful for treating cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, glaucoma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Eisai, under license from PRISM Pharma, is developing PRI-724, an inhibitor of CREB binding protein or beta-catenin complex formation, for treating cancer (phase 1, as of March 2015) and HCV-induced cirrhosis (preclinical trial).

Follows on from WO2014061827, claiming the use of PRI-724 for treating pulmonary fibrosis.

IS IT

cas 847591-62-2…………http://www.medkoo.com/Anticancer-trials/PRI-724.htm

(6S,9aS)-N-Benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-8-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4,7-dioxoperhydropyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine-1-carboxamide

 COMPD 3

OR

COMPD 2

PRI724

1198780-43-6, 578.66, C₃₃ H₃₄ N₆ O₄

(6S,9S)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c] [I,z,4]triazine-1-carboxamide,

COMPD1

PRI 724

4-(((6S,9S)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahy- dro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-yl)methyl) phenyl dihydrogen phosphate

COMPD 1

SEE

 http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2009148192A1?cl=en

About PRI-724
PRI-724 is an antiproliferative small molecule that selectively inhibits the CBP/beta-catenin complex, which modulates the beta-catenin dependent pathway of Wnt signaling. Activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway is observed in various tumor cells and results in proliferation and metastasis. PRI-724 exhibits a selective antiproliferative effect, inhibiting various cancer cell lines in vitroand substantially inhibiting tumor growth in animal studies. PRI-724 is currently in clinical trials in oncology indications, partnered with Eisai Co., Ltd. PRI-724 also has potential to provide therapeutic benefit in non-oncology areas such as fibrosis and clinical trials in that indication are targeted to start in the second half of 2013.

About PRISM Pharma Co., Ltd.
PRISM Pharma Co., Ltd. has developed its platform technology to modulate inter-cellular protein-protein interactions using peptide mimetic small molecules and found various hit compounds including PRI-724.

SEE

WO 2015037587

Eisai Research Institute; PRISM Pharma Co Ltd

出願人：エ_ ザイ■ ア_ ル■ アンド■ ディ_ ■
マネジメン卜株式会社(EISAI R&D MANAGEMENT
CO., LTD.) [JP /JP ];亍1128088 東京都文京区
小石川四丁目6 番1 O 号Tokyo (JP).株式会社P
R I S M P h a r m a (PRISM PHARMA CO.,
LTD.) [JP /JP ];亍2268510神奈川県横浜市緑区長津
田町 4 2 5 9 — 3 Kanagawa (JP)

(IO) 国際公開番号
2 0 1 5 ^ ® S 3 .2 0 1 5 )

WO 2015/037587 Al

This method of producing 4-(((6S,9S)-l-(benzylcarbamoyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahy- dro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-6-yl)methyl) phenyl dihydrogen phosphate involves a step for adding a reaction solution (I) comprising (6S,9S)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinoline-8-ylmethyl) octahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c] [I,z,4]triazine-1-carboxamide, triethylamine and a solvent to a reaction solution (2) comprising a phosphorylating agent and a solvent.

1

1H-NMR (600MHz, METHAN0L-d4) δ (ppm):1.15 (d, J=6 Hz, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 3.12 (d, J=18 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (d, J=18 Hz,1H), 4.15 (m,1H), 4.32 (d, J=15 Hz, 1H), 4.40 (d, J=15 Hz, 1H), 5.33(d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 5.41(d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (d, J=7 Hz, 1H), 5.64 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=9,1 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J=9 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (t, J=7 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=8 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d d, J=8, 4 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (brd, J=6 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (dd, J=8, 7 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (dd, J=8,1 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (dd, J=8, 2 Hz, 1H), 8.90 (dd, J =4, 2 Hz, 1H).

…………………………………………………………………….

SEE

 http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2009148192A1?cl=en

SYNTHESIS OF COMPD 2

PART A

Synthesis  Part A

step A

(S)-benzyl 1-(methoxy(methyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylcarbamate

STEP B

(S)-benzyl 1,1-diethoxypropan-2-ylcarbamate

STEP C

(S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-amine

Reaction   of the foll……………….(S)-benzyl 1,1-diethoxypropan-2-ylcarbamate,  5% palladium on carbon title compound . (S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-amine,

STEP D

 PART B

STEP E

 (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-1-(((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylcarbamate

Reaction   of the foll………………. (S)-1,1-diethoxy-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)propan-2-amine,  (S)-2-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonylamino)-3-(4-tertbutoxyphenyl)propanoic acid  to obtain the title compound (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-1-(((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylcarbamate

STEP f

 (S)-2-amino-3-(4-tertbutoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)propanamide        INT A

Reaction   of the foll……………….  (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (S)-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-1-(((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylcarbamate and  piperidine  to
obtain the title compound (S)-2-amino-3-(4-tertbutoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)propanamide INT A

PART C

STEP g

 ethyl 2-(1-methylhydrazinyl)acetate

Reaction   of the foll……………….methylhydrazine 7 was reacted with ethyl 2-bromoacetate 1to obtain the title compound

STEP h
ethyl 2-(1-Methyl-2-(benzylcarbamoyl)hydrazinyl)acetate

Reaction   of the foll………………. ethyl 2-(1-methylhydrazinyl)acetateand  benzyl isocyanate  to obtain the title
compound ethyl 2-(1-Methyl-2-(benzylcarbamoyl)hydrazinyl)acetate

STEP i
2-(2-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-methylhydrazinyl)acetic acid

Reaction   of the foll………………. ethyl 2-(1-allyl-2-
(benzylcarbamoyl)hydrazinyl)acetate and lithium hydroxide monohydrate to obtain the title compound 2-(2-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-methylhydrazinyl)acetic acid

STEP j
N-benzyl-2-(2-((S)-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-1-(((S)-1,1-
diethoxypropan-2-yl)(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-
methylhydrazinecarboxamide……… precursor

Reaction   of the foll………………. 2-(2-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-methylhydrazinyl)acetic acid and  (S)-2-amino-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-N-((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)-N-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)propanamide ( INT A )yielded the title compound ie the precursor

PART D

THIS PRECURSOR GIVES FINAL PRODUCT

Synthesis of (6S,9S)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-
dimethyl-8-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4,7-dioxooctahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-
carboxamide ……….final

fOLL reactants……….. N-benzyl-2-(2-((S)-3-(4-tert-butoxyphenyl)-1-(((S)-1,1-diethoxypropan-2-yl)(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)-2-methylhydrazinecarboxamide, ie the precursor  and 10%-water/HCOOH gave (6S,9S)-N-benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,9-dimethyl-4,7-dioxo-8-(quinolin-8-ylmethyl)octahydro-1Hpyrazino[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-1-carboxamide

RT 4.22; Mass 578.9

COMPD 3

(6S,9aS)-N-Benzyl-6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-8-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-4,7-dioxoperhydropyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine-1-carboxamide

SEE

US 6762185

……………………………..

SEE

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2012141038A1?cl=en

novel compounds, agent for inducing differentiation into hepatocytes of mesenchymal stem cells, Wnt / β- catenin signaling pathway inhibitor, method for producing hepatocytes with them on hepatocytes such as by their production.

Liver disease is said to be Japan’s national disease, a large number of patients suffering from liver disease. In addition, the annual number of deaths from hepatocellular carcinoma amounts to about 30 004 thousand people. Recently, hepatocellular cancer outcome is improved by advances in treatment, but the increase of advanced cancer, with hepatic dysfunction cirrhosis to merge, so-called hepatic failure death has increased. Liver failure therapy, although liver transplantation is ideal, it is difficult in Japan to obtain sufficient donors, it is necessary to develop a liver regeneration therapy with stem cells.

As stem cells that have the potential to differentiate into liver cells, bone marrow cells, tissue stem cells, such as umbilical cord blood cells can be expected.Therefore, a number of research institutions, for the realization of by regenerative medicine liver cell transplantation treatment of chronic liver failure patient, to differentiate human tissue stem cells into functional hepatocytes, truly clinically applicable efficient differentiation induction technology you are conducting research and development with the goal of developing a.

For example, in the laboratory of Shioda Professor of Tottori University Graduate School of Medicine, reported that the Wnt / β- catenin signaling pathway were differentiated into hepatocytes showed that suppressed by RNA interference at the time of induction of differentiation from human mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocytes you are (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Documents 3-5).Furthermore, studies to induce differentiation of hepatocytes in other institutions have been conducted (Non-Patent Document 2, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

On the other hand, recently, from 4,000 or more screening of large compound libraries, Wnt / β- catenin signaling pathway inhibitory low molecular compound 5 types have been identified (Non-Patent Documents 6-9).

However, the conventional techniques described above literature, had a room for improvement in the following points.
Patent Documents 1 and 2, it has been described for proteins to induce stem cells from Hikimomiki cells, due to the use of the protein formulation as a differentiation inducing agent, a room for further improvement in terms of stability and safety and there was.

Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 3 to 5, and have reported that induced differentiated hepatocytes from human mesenchymal stem cells, the use of siRNA as a differentiation inducing agent, such as stability and safety there is room for further improvement in the surface. Non-Patent Document 2, 6 to 9, is not described with respect to method of inducing differentiation into hepatocytes.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an effective low-molecular compounds that induce differentiation into hepatocytes from mesenchymal stem cells. Or, it is intended that the low-molecular compound was used to provide a secure differentiation inducing method is excellent from the mesenchymal stem cell differentiation efficiency of liver cells.

According to the present invention, there is provided formula (1) and one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds represented by the formula (2), a salt thereof or a solvate thereof.

 

 

<Example 1> synthetic ICG-001 of synthesis (1) ICG-001 of the IC-2 is an oligopeptide having two rings of β- turn mimic structure in central skeleton, and transcription by β-catenin / Tcf complex can function as a potent antagonist for activation has been reported (Drug Discov. Today 2005, 10, 1467-1474). Synthesis of ICG-001 in accordance with the literature (Tetrahedron 2007, 63, 12912-12916), was subjected to examination.

(1-1) of Compound 1 Synthesis 1-naphtaldehyde (Wako Pure Chemical) (1.56 g, 10 mmol) and 2,2-diethoxyethanamine (Tokyo Kasei Kogyo) (1.33 g, 10 mmol) were mixed 100 I was stirred 20 min at ^o C. After cooling to room temperature, diluted with EtOH (20 _mL), was added portionwise NaBH 4 (0.38 g, 10 mmol), at room temperature, and stirred for 16 h. After completion of the reaction, was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure EtOH, the product was extracted with AcOEt. The resulting product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane / AcOEt = 5/1) to give the to give compound 1 (2.29 g, 8.5 mmol, 85%).

(1-2) Synthesis of Compound 3 Fmoc-L-Tyr (t-Bu) -OH (0.87 g, 1.9 mmol) in DMF (7 mL) solution of a condensing agent HATU (0.76 g, 2.0 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (0.35 mL, 2.0 mmol) was added and after stirring for 20 min, compound 1 (0.54 g, a 2.0 mmol) was added, at room temperature, 16 h the mixture was stirred. After the reaction, DMF was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, and the resulting product was purified by column chromatography (hexane / AcOEt = 10/1), compound 2 was obtained (1.33 g, 1.9 mmol, 93%). The resulting compound 2 (1.33 g, 1.9 mmol) was dissolved in _CH 2 _Cl 2 (20 mL), was added diethylamine (DEA) (10 ml, excess), at room temperature, was 2 h stirring.After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, vacuum was distilled off _{CH 2} Cl 2 by concentration, the resulting product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt), to give compound 3 (0.92 g, 1. 8 mmol, 92%).

(1-3) Synthesis Fmoc-β-Ala-OH (0.53 g, 1.7 mmol) of compound 5 in DMF (8 mL) solution of a condensing agent HATU (0.70 g, 1.8 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) (0.32 mL, 1.8 mmol) was added and after stirring for 20 min, compound 3 (0.92 g, 1.8 mmol) was added, at room temperature, and stirred for 14 h. After the reaction, DMF was distilled off by concentration under reduced pressure, the resulting product was purified by column chromatography (hexane / AcOEt = 1/1), compound 4 was obtained (1.2 g, 1.5 mmol, 82%). Obtained compound 4 (1.2 g, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in _CH 2 _Cl 2 (20 mL), was added diethylamine (DEA) (9 mL, excess), at room temperature, and stirred for 1 h. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, was distilled off _{CH 2} Cl 2 by concentration under reduced pressure, and the resulting product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (AcOEt / EtOH = 1/1), to give compound 5 (0 .66 g, 1.2 mmol, 80%).

(1-4) synthetic compounds 5 (0.66 g, 1.2 mmol) of compound 7 _{CH 2} Cl 2 of solution (8 mL) to benzylisocyanate (0.16 g, 1.2 mmol) of _{CH 2} Cl 2 solution (8 mL) was added, at room temperature, and stirred for 12 h. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, was distilled off _{CH 2} Cl 2 by concentration under reduced pressure, and the resulting product was purified by column chromatography (AcOEt / EtOH = 1/1), to give compound 6 (0. 59 g, 0.85 mmol, 73%). The obtained compound 6 (0.59 g, 0.85 mmol) at room temperature in the formic acid (9 ml), I was stirred 20 h. Was evaporated formic acid by concentration under reduced pressure, the resulting product was purified by column chromatography (AcOEt), Compound 7a to (ICG-001) was obtained as a white solid (0.26 g, 0.48 mmol, 57 %).
The resulting product, MS spectra and ^were identified from the 1 H NMR spectrum (with the literature value) (Fig. 1).

 Epirubicin

Cancer Research UK

 Epirubicin

Irish Cancer Society

 Epirubicin

Macmillan Cancer Support

 Epirubicin

NHS Evidence

 Epirubicin – Substance Summary

PubChem

 EpirubicinEmail

MedlinePlus

– See more at: http://www.cancerindex.org/Epirubicin#sthash.BBioCC6K.dpuf

PHASE 1 JAPAN SOLID TUMOURS

DNA/RNA Synthesis Inhibitor

WITH Nano Carrier Co.,Ltdhttp://pdf.irpocket.com/C4571/qnwX/eFou/vG1J.pdf

KOWA COMPANY LTD

CAS FREE FORM. 56420-45-2

Smiles

• O=C2c1c(O)c5c(c(O)c1C(=O)c3cccc(OC)c23)C[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)C[C@@H]5O[C@@H]4O[C@H]([C@H](O)[C@@H](N)C4)C
• NMR
• http://file.selleckchem.com/downloads/nmr/S122302-Epirubicin-Hydrochloride-NMR-Selleck.pdf
• http://www.medkoo.com/Product-Data/Epirubicin/Epirubicin-QC-TZC20130604web.pdf

• Epirubicin
  CAS No.:	56420-45-2
  Synonyms:	4′-Epi-DX; Epirubicina; WP 697; Pidorubicin; 4′-epiadriamycin; Adriblastin; epi-dx; Epiadriamycin; farmorubicin; imi28; Farmarubicin;
  Formula:	C27H29NO11
  Exact Mass:	543.17400

NC-6300, an epirubicin-incorporating micelle, extends the antitumor effect and reduces the cardiotoxicity of epirubicin.

Epirubicin is widely used to treat various human tumors. However, it is difficult to achieve a sufficient antitumor effect because of dosage limitation to prevent cardiotoxicity. We hypothesized that epirubicin-incorporating micelle would reduce cardiotoxicity and improve the antitumor effect. NC-6300 comprises epirubicin covalently bound to PEG polyaspartate block copolymer through an acid-labile hydrazone bond. The conjugate forms a micellar structure of 40-80 nm in diameter in an aqueous milieu. NC-6300 (10, 15 mg/kg) and epirubicin (10 mg/kg) were given i.v. three times to mice bearing s.c. or liver xenograft of human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells. Cardiotoxicity was evaluated by echocardiography in C57BL/6 mice that were given NC-6300 (10 mg/kg) or epirubicin (10 mg/kg) in nine doses over 12 weeks. NC-6300 showed a significantly potent antitumor effect against Hep3B s.c. tumors compared with epirubicin. Moreover, NC-6300 also produced a significantly longer survival rate than epirubicin against the liver orthotopic tumor of Hep3B. With respect to cardiotoxicity, epirubicin-treated mice showed significant deteriorations in fractional shortening and ejection fraction. In contrast, cardiac functions of NC-6300 treated mice were no less well maintained than in control mice. This study warrants a clinical evaluation of NC-6300 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or other cancers.

K-912（NC-6300）の概要 K-912（NC-6300）は、世界的に幅広く使用されているアントラサイクリン系の抗が ん剤の一つであるエピルビシンを内包したミセル化ナノ粒子製剤で、その特性により、 エピルビシンの有する心毒性の軽減が期待できます。さらに、pH 応答性システムを採 用することで、腫瘍細胞内でのエピルビシンの放出量を高め、既存のエピルビシンに比 べより強力な抗腫瘍効果が期待できます。

Epirubicin is an anthracycline drug used for chemotherapy. It can be used in combination with other medications to treat breast cancer in patients who have had surgery to remove the tumor. It is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US andPharmorubicin or Epirubicin Ebewe elsewhere.

Similarly to other anthracyclines, epirubicin acts by intercalating DNA strands. Intercalation results in complex formation which inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis. It also triggers DNA cleavage by topoisomerase II, resulting in mechanisms that lead to cell death. Binding to cell membranes and plasma proteins may be involved in the compound’s cytotoxic effects. Epirubicin also generates free radicalsthat cause cell and DNA damage.

Epirubicin is favoured over doxorubicin, the most popular anthracycline, in some chemotherapy regimens as it appears to cause fewer side-effects. Epirubicin has a different spatial orientation of the hydroxyl group at the 4′ carbon of the sugar – it has the opposite chirality – which may account for its faster elimination and reduced toxicity. Epirubicin is primarily used against breast and ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, lung cancer and lymphomas.

Development history

The first trial of epirubicin in humans was published in 1980.^[1] Upjohn applied for approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) in node-positive breast cancer in 1984, but was turned down because of lack of data.^[2] It appears to have been licensed for use in Europe from around this time however.^[3] In 1999 Pharmacia (who had by then merged with Upjohn) received FDA approval for the use of epirubicin as a component of adjuvant therapy in node-positive patients.

Patent protection for epirubicin expired in August 2007.

References

External links

• http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/HPI/DrugDatabase/DrugIndexPro/Epirubicin.htm
• http://www.pfizerpro.com/page_not_found?rid=/wyeth_html/home/minisites/oncology/ellence/pi/description.html

1H NMR PREDICT

13C NMR PREDICT

COSY

1H NMR

Epirubicin

Systematic (IUPAC) name
(8R,10S)-10-((2S,4S,5R,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione
Clinical data
Trade names	Ellence
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a603003
Pregnancy category	D (Au, U.S.)
Legal status	℞-only (U.S.), POM (UK)
Routes of administration	Intravenous
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	NA
Protein binding	77%
Metabolism	Hepatic glucuronidationand oxidation
Excretion	Biliary and renal
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	56420-45-2
ATC code	L01DB03
PubChem	CID 41867
DrugBank	DB00445
ChemSpider	38201
UNII	3Z8479ZZ5X
KEGG	D07901
ChEBI	CHEBI:47898
ChEMBL	CHEMBL417
Chemical data
Formula	C27H29NO11
Molecular mass	543.519 g/mol

KOWA COMPANY LTD

Map for KOWA COMPANY LTD

Nano Carrier Co

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

Japan

Firategrast, 402567-16-2;

Firategrast, MS, Alpha4beta1 integrin

PHASE 2 GSK

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma INNOVATOR

Tanabe Seiyaku Co

Glaxo Group Limited, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

MECHANISMS/EFFECTS

 

Firategrast

SYNTHESIS

………………….

PATENT

http://www.google.tl/patents/WO2011048091A1?cl=en

Scheme 1

Scheme 2

In a further aspect the present invention provides for a process for the preparation of compound of formula (II) which comprises coupling the compound of formula (V)

Suitable coupling conditions for the compound of formula (V) and the compound of formula (VI) include those shown in Scheme 2. In a further aspect of the invention there is provided the compound of formula (V):

¹H NMR characterisation data for the compound of formula (V) were generated on an isolated and purified batch. ¹H-NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker Avance 400 at 400MHz, using TMS as an internal reference.¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-D6) δ ppm 1.17 (t, J=7.09 Hz, 3 H) 2.96 (dd, J=13.82, 9.90 Hz, 1 H) 3.1 1 (dd, J=13.82, 5.26 Hz, 1 H) 4.12 (q, J=7.09 Hz, 2 H) 4.63 (ddd, J=9.78, 7.82, 5.38 Hz, 1 H) 7.15 (t, J=7.95 Hz, 2 H) 7.25 (d, J=8.31 Hz, 2 H) 7.47 – 7.55 (m, 3 H) 9.23 (d, J=7.83 Hz, 1 H).

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of the compound of formula

which process comprises the steps: a) hydrolysis of an ester of formula (I la):

Recrvstallisation of (2S)-2-{r(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbonyllamino)-3-r4′-r(ethyloxy)methyll- 2′,6′-bis(methyloxy)-4-biphenylyllpropanoic acid

(2S)-2-{[(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbonyl]amino}-3-[4′-[(ethyloxy)methyl]-2′,6′-bis(methyloxy)- 4-biphenylyl]propanoic acid (9.38Kg) was charged into a clean reactor, followed by ethyl acetate (46.9L). The solution was heated to 50°C and filtered into the pre-warmed (35°C) crystallizing vessel. A line-wash with ethyl acetate (9.4L) was carried out. The combined ethyl acetate solutions were heated to 50°C, stirred to ensure complete dissolution. Filtered heptane (9.4L) was added maintaining the temperature at 50°C then the solution cooled to 30°C and seeded with (2S)-2-{[(2,6-difluorophenyl)carbonyl]amino}-3-[4 – [(ethyloxy)methyl]-2′,6′-bis(methyloxy)-4-biphenylyl]propanoic acid (47g) slurried in 1 :9 ethyl acetate:heptane (0.47L). The slurry was aged for 2 hours at 30°C. Filtered heptane (75L) was added over 3 hours. The slurry was then cooled to 0°C over 1 hour. The mixture was aged at 0°C for 1 hour then the solid was filtered off, washed with isopropyl ether (29.6L and dried under vacuum at 50±3°C to give the product (8.55Kg, 91 %). Characterised by having an infrared absorption spectrum with significant absorption bands at about 754, 768, 800, 820, 849, 866, 1006, 1 100, 1 122, 1 157, 1 188, 1225, 1242, 1268, 1292, 1317, 1352, 1417, 1466, 1530, 1580, 1624, 1650, 1662, 171 1 , 1728, 2938, 3302cm^“

…………………………………..

PATENT

http://www.google.co.in/patents/WO2002018320A2

Example 10: N- (2 , 6-Difluorobenzoyl) -4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4- ethoxymethylphenyl) -L-phenylalanine ethyl ester.

(1) The product obtained in Example l-(4) (2.1 g) was acylated with 2 , 6-difluorobenzoyl chloride in a similar manner as described in Example 1 -(5) to give N- (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) – 4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenyl) -L-phenylalanine ethyl ester (2.75 g) . mp . 70-72 °C; IR (Nujol) 3400, 3263, 1735, 1654, 1624 cm^“1; MS (APCI) m/z 500 (M+H) . (2) To a solution of the product obtained above (1.72 g) in DMSO (20 ml) were added Et₃N (4.8 ml) and S0₃«pyridine (5.6 g) successively at room temperature. The whole mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, and then the mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was sequentially washed with 5% aqueous HCl, H₂0 and brine, dried (Na₂S0₄) and then evaporated. The residue was purified by column chromatography (silica gel; eluent: n-hexane/EtOAc 5:1 to 1:1) to yield N-(2,6- difluorobenzoyl) -4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4-formylphenyl) -L- phenylalanine ethyl ester (1.54 g) . mp. 114-116°C; IR (Nujol)

3332, 1735, 1695, 1657, 1644, 1623 cm^“1; MS (APCI) m/z 498 (M+H) .

(3) The product obtained above (716 mg) was converted into the title compound (428 mg) in a similar manner as described in Example 1- (7) . mp . 87-89°C; IR (Neat+CHC1₃) 3300, 1739, 1668 cm^{“ 1}; MS (APCI) m/z 528 (M+H) .

Example 11: N- (2 , 6-Difluorobenzoyl) -4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4- ethoxymethylphenyl ) -L-phenylalanine methyl ester.

(1) The product obtained in Example 2- (4) (1.00 g) was acylated with 2 , 6-difluorobenzoyl chloride to give N-(2,6- difluorobenzoyl) -4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4-hydroxymethylphenyl) -L- phenylalanine methyl ester (873 mg) in a similar manner as described in Example l-(5). IR (Nujol) 3257, 1743, 1655, 1624 cm^{“ 1}; MS (APCI +Q1MS) m/z 503 (M+NH₄) , 486 (M+H) . (2) The product obtained above (860 mg) was converted into the title compound (220 mg) in a similar manner as described in Example 2- (6) and (7).

Example 12: N- (2 , 6-Difluorobenzoyl) -4- (2 , 6-dimethoxy-4- ethoxymethylphenyl) -L-phenylalanine .

The product obtained in Example 10 (200 mg) was hydrolyzed in a similar manner as described in Example 3 to give the title compound (160 mg) . The product obtained in Example 11 (220 mg) was also hydrolyzed in a similar manner as described in Example 3 to give the title compound (167 mg) . mp. 156-158°C; IR (Nujol) 1735, 1655 cm^“1; MS (ESI) m/z 498 (M-H) .

…………………….

PATENT

 https://www.google.com/patents/WO2003072536A1?cl=en

OUT LINE

phenylalanine derivative of the formula (I) :

wherein X¹ is a halogen atom, X² is a halogen atom, Q is a group of the formula -CH₂– or -(CH₂)₂– and Y is a lower alkyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which has excellent inhibitory activity against α₄ integrin-mediated cell adhesion.

Thus, the present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula (I) :

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, comprising : (1) coupling a compound of the formula (VI) :

wherein Z is a leaving group, R¹NH is a protected amino group and C0₂R is a protected carboxyl group with a compound of the formula (V) :

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above, removing the protecting group from the protected amino group, and if necessary, converting the resulting compound into a salt, to yield a compound of the formula (IV) :

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above, or a salt thereof,

(2) condensing the compound (IV) or a salt thereof with a compound of the formula (III) :

wherein the symbols are the same as defined above, a salt or a reactive derivative thereof to yield a compound of the formula (II) :

Ethyl (ocS) – – [ [ (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4- hydroxybenzene propionate and ethyl (otS) -α- [ [ (1, 1- dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4-

(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy) benzene propionate are described in J. Med. Chem. , 33: 1620 (1990) and JP-A-7- 157472, respectively. 4-Bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol is described in, for example, J. Med. Chem. , 20: 299 (1977), and can also be prepared according to the following process.

Firstly, 4-bromo-3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is methylated to give methyl 4-bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate, which is then reduced to yield 4-bromo-3, 5-dimethoxy benzyl alcohol. The methylation can be carried out by reacting with dimethyl sulfate in the presence of a base in a suitable solvent (e.g., ethyl acetate). The reduction can be carried out by reacting with an reducing agent (e.g., lithium alminium hydride, sodium borohydride and calcium borohydride) in a suitable solvent (e.g., tetrahydrofuran) .

EXAMPLES

The following Examples are provided to further illustrate the process of preparation according to the present invention. In the following examples, some compounds may be referred to by different compound name depending on the nomenclature, as illustrated below.

Ethyl (αS) -α-amino-4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ – dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate

Another name: ethyl (2S) -2-amino-3- [4- (4-ethoxymethyl- 2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) phenyl]propanoate

Ethyl (αS) – [ [1, 1-dimethylethoxy] carbonyl] amino] -4′ – ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1,1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate

Another name 1: ethyl (2S) -2- [ (t-butoxycarbonyl) – amino] -3- [4- (4-ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) – phenyl]propanoate

Another name 2: Ethyl N- (t-butoxycarbonyl) -4- (4- ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) -L-phenylalanine

Ethyl (αS) – – [ (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ – ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate Another name 1: Ethyl (2S) -2- [ (2, 6- difluorobenzoyl) amino] -3- [4- (4-ethoxymethyl-2, 6- di ethoxyphenyl) phenyl] propanoate

Another name 2: Ethyl N- [2 , 6-difluorobenzoyl) -4- (4- ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) -L-phenylalanine

(ocS) – – [ (2, 6-Difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl- 2′ , 6′ -dimethox (1,1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionic acid

Another name 1: (2S) -2- [ (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -3- [4- (4-ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) phenyl]propanoic acid

Another name 2: N- [ 2 , 6-difluorobenzoyl) -4- (4- ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) -L-phenylalanine

EXAMPLE 1 (1) Under nitrogen atmosphere, pyridine (130.3 g) and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride (170.4 g) were added dropwise to a solution of ethyl (αS) -α- [ [ (1, 1- dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4-hydroxybenzenepropionate

(170.0 g) in dichloromethane (1.7 L) at 10 ° C or below. After stirring for 1 hour at the same temperature, water

(850 ml) was added dropwise to the mixture and the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at the same temperature. The organic layer was washed with 10 % aqueous citric acid solution and aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo to yield ethyl (αS) -α- [ [ (1, 1- dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4-

(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)benzenepropionate (242.5 g) as oil . MS (m/z) : 441 (M⁺) (2) Under nitrogen atmosphere, to a mixture of ethyl (αS)- – [ [ (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4-

(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy) benzenepropionate (66.2g), 4- ethoxymethyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenylboric acid (54.0 g) , triphenylphosphine (9.83 g) and N-methylpyrrolidone (330 ml) were added palladium acetate (1.68 g) and diisopropylamine (24.9 g ), and the mixture was heated at 90 °C. After stirring for 1 hour at the same temperature, the mixture was cooled and toluene and water were added. The organic layers were washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo to yield ethyl (αS) -α- [[ (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] – 4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethox (1,1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate (90.1 g) as oil.

The product was dissolved in ethanol (330 ml) , and after addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (28.5 g) , the mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 75 °C. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was filtrated over charcoal and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate with heating. After cooling, the crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and dried to yield ethyl (αS)-α- amino-4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4- propionate p-toluenesulfonate (63.4 g) .

MS (m/z) : 387 (M⁺-p-toluenesulfonic acid), M.p. 127-129°C

(3) To a mixture of ethyl (αS) -α-amino-4′ -ethoxymethyl- 2′ , 6′ -dimethox (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate p- toluenesulfonate (29.0 g) , sodium hydrogen carbonate (15. 2 g) , water (290 ml) and ethyl acetate (290 ml) was added dropwise 2, 6-difluorobenzoyl chloride (9. 6 g) at 15 °C or below and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at the same temperature. The ethyl acetate layer was washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from isopropanol-water to yield ethyl (αS) -oi- [ (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ – dimethox (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate (26.4 g) . MS (m/z) : 527 (M⁺) , M.p. 87-89°C (4) To a solution of sodium hydroxide (2.9 g) in water- tetrahydrofuran (317 ml-159 ml) was added ethyl (oιS)-α- [ (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ – dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate (31.7 g) at 15°C and the mixture was stirred for 4 hours at the same temperature. After neutralizing with IN HC1, the organic solvent was removed in vacuo. The aqueous layer was cooled, the crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol-water to yield (αS) -a- [ (2, 6- difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ – dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionic acid (28.8 g) . MS (m/z): 499 (M⁺) , M.p. 154-155°C

EXAMPLE 2 (1) Under nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of ethyl (oιS)-o:- [[ (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4-bromobenzene propanoate (11.17 g) , 4-ethoxymethyl-2, 6- dimethoxyphenylboronic acid (10.80 g ), palladium acetate (0.34 g), triphenylphosphine (1.57 g) , anhydrous potassium carbonate (12.44 g) , iV-methylpyrrolidone (56 ml) and water (11 ml) was stirred for 50 minutes at 80 °C. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and extracted with ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution and saturated aqueous NaCl solution, dried over magnesium sulfate and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to yield ethyl (αS)-α- [ [ (1, 1-dimethylethoxy) carbonyl] amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl- 2′ , 6′ -dimethox (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate (20.4 g) as oil. The product was dissolved in ethanol (100 ml) , and after addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (5.7 g) , the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at 75 °C. After cooling, the mixture was filtrated over charcoal and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended in toluene with heating. After cooling, the crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and dried to yield ethyl (αS) – -amino-4′ – ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1,1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate p- toluenesulfonate (13.80 g) . (2) The compound obtained in the above step (1) was treated in the same manner as described in Example 1 (2) to (4) to yield (αS) -a- [ [2 , 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ – ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionic acid. The physicochemical data were the same as that obtained in Example 1.

EXAMPLE 3

To a solution of ethyl (αS) -α- [ (2, 6- difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ -ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ – dimethox (1, 1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionate (500 g ) in water (12.6 ml) and dioxane (50 ml) was added hydrochloric acid (12.4 g) and the mixture was stirred for 60 hours at 60 “C. The organic solvent was removed in vacuo and the aqueous layer was cooled. The crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and recrystallized from ethanol- water to yield (αS) – – [ (2, 6-difluorobenzoyl) amino] -4′ – ethoxymethyl-2′ , 6′ -dimethoxy (1,1′ -biphenyl) -4-propionic acid (426 mg) . The physicochemical data were the same as that obtained in Example 1.

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 1

(1) To a mixture of 4-bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzylalcohol (44.5 g) , triethylammonium benzyl chloride (2.05 g) and 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (288 g) was added diethyl sulfate (41.7 g) under ice-cooling, and the mixture was stirred overnight at 25-30 °C. After stirring for 1 hour at 70 °C, the mixture was cooled and extracted with toluene. The toluene layer was washed with water and saturated aqueous NaCl solution and dried over magnesium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo to yield 4-bromo-3, 5- dimethoxybenzyl ethyl ether (49.5 g) as colorless oil. MS (m/z): 276 (M⁺+2) , 274 (M⁺)

(2) Under nitrogen atmosphere, to a solution of 4-bromo- 3, 5-dimethoxybenzyl ethyl ether (440.0 g) in tetrahydrofuran (4.0 L) was added dropwise n-butyl lithium (1.6 M n-hexane solution, 1.1 L) at -60°C. After stirring for 15 minutes at the same temperature, trimethyl borate (249.3 g) was added. The temperature of the mixture was gradually elevated, followed by stirring for 1 hour under ice-cooling. To the mixture was added dropwise 10% aqueous sulfuric acid solution (835 g ) . The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated aqueous NaCl solution. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in isopropyl ether with heating and cooled. The crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and dried to yield 4-ethyoxymethyl-2, 6- dimetoxyphenylboronic acid (312.9 g) . M.p. 59-61°C

REFERENCE EXAMPLE 2

(1) To a suspension of 4-bromo-3, 5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (95.0 kg) in ethyl acetate (950 L) were added anhydrous potassium carbonate (270.8 kg) and dimethyl sulfate (174.7 kg) . The mixture was heated at 50-80 ‘C for about 4 hours and partitioned by adding water. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated aqueous NaCl solution and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was suspended into methanol, stirred under heating and cooled. The crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and dried to yield methyl 4-bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate (98.8 kg) as pale yellow crystals. MS (m/z): 277 (M⁺+2) , 275 (M⁺) , M.p. 120-122°C

(2) To a solution of calcium chloride (46.5 kg) in ethanol (336 L) were added tetrahydrofuran (672 L) and methyl 4- bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzoate (96.0 kg) to obtain a suspension. To the suspension was added sodium borohydride

(31.7 kg) by portions at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred for about 9 hours at temperature of room temperature to 45 °C. The reaction mixture was added dropwise to aqueous HC1 solution and stirred for about 16 hours at room temperature. Organic solvent was removed in vacuo, and water (1440 L) was added to the residue and stirred for 1 hour at 50 °C. After cooling, the crystalline precipitates were collected by filtration and dried to yield 4-bromo-3, 5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (83.3 kg) as colorless crystals. MS (m/z): 249 (M⁺+2), 247 (M⁺) , M.p. 100-102°C.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The process for preparation of the present invention makes it possible to afford a compound of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof with high- purity, in a high yield and inexpensively, and, therefore, the process of the present invention is industrially very useful.

References

1. ChemIDplus Advanced

United States National Library of Medicine

Accessed on 29 Jul 2013 from http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidheavy.jsp.

Note: Compound name must be entered under “Substance Identification” and then “Names and Synonyms” selected to view synonyms.

2. GlaxoSmithKline Protocol Summaries: Firategrast

GlaxoSmithKline

Accessed on 13 Feb 2012 from http://www.gsk-clinicalstudyregister.com/protocol_comp_list.jsp?compound=firategrast.

3. Firategrast for relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Miller DH, Weber T, Grove R, Wardell C, Horrigan J, Graff O, Atkinson G, Dua P, Yousry T, Macmanus D, et al.

Lancet Neurol. 2012 Feb; 11(2):131-9. Epub 2012 Jan 05. PMID: 22226929. Abstract

4. Firategrast: natalizumab in a pill?

Prat A, Stüve O

Lancet Neurol. 2012 Feb; 11(2):120-1. Epub 2012 Jan 05. PMID: 22226930. Abstract

5. Firategrast

American Medical Association

Accessed on 13 Feb 2012 from http://www.ama-assn.org/resources/doc/usan/firategrast.pdf.

6. GlaxoSmithKline Product Development Pipeline

GlaxoSmithKline website

Accessed on 4 Aug 2012 from http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/gsk-pipeline-2010.pdf.

US8822527

16 Out 2012

2 Set 2014

Biotheryx, Inc.

Substituted biaryl alkyl amides

WO2002018320A2	27 Ago 2001	7 Mar 2002	Tanabe Seiyaku Co	INHIBITORS OF α4 MEDIATED CELL ADHESION
WO2003072536A1	27 Fev 2003	4 Set 2003	Tanabe Seiyaku Co	A process for preparing a phenylalanine derivative and intermediates thereof
WO2003072537A2	6 Fev 2003	4 Set 2003	Abbott Lab	Selective protein tyrosine phosphatatase inhibitors

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation

Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
Pharmacological research building

■Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation Pharmacological research building

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

 

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

P.S. : The views expressed are my personal and in no-way suggest the views of the professional body or the company that I represent.

MARIZEV® (Omarigliptin), Merck’s Once-Weekly DPP-4 Inhibitor for Type 2 Diabetes, Approved in Japan

KENILWORTH, N.J.–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Merck (NYSE:MRK), known as MSD outside the United States and Canada, today announced that the Japanese Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) has approved MARIZEV^® (omarigliptin) 25 mg and 12.5 mg tablets, an oral, once-weekly DPP-4 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes. Japan is the first country to have approved omarigliptin……….http://www.mercknewsroom.com/news-release/prescription-medicine-news/marizev-omarigliptin-mercks-once-weekly-dpp-4-inhibitor-type

syn…….http://newdrugapprovals.org/2014/04/18/omarigliptin-mk-3102-in-phase-3-for-type-2-diabetes/

DRUG APPROVALS BY DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO …..FOR BLOG HOME CLICK HERE

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/////////////MARIZEV,  (Omarigliptin), Merck’s,  Once-Weekly,  DPP-4 Inhibitor,   Type 2 Diabetes, Approved, Japan

Fosfluconazole

Fosfluconazole; 194798-83-9; UNII-3JIJ299EWH; 3JIJ299EWH; NCGC00182029-01;

2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-di(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate;

2,4-difluoro-α,α-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) benzyl alcohol, dihydrogen phosphate

Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Research Code：UK-292663, UK 292663, F-FLCZ, F FLCZ

Trade Name：Prodif^{® PFIZER}

MOA：Azole antifungal

Indication：Cryptococcus neoformans; Candidiasis

Status：Approved, Japan PMDA OCT 16 2003

Company：Pfizer (Originator)

Candidiasis,Cryptococcus neoformans, Injection, Solution, Eq. 100 mg/200 mg/400 mg fluconazole per vial

Fosfluconazole (INN) is a water-soluble phosphate prodrug of fluconazole – a triazole antifungal drug used in the treatment and prevention of superficial and systemic fungal infections. The phosphate ester bond is hydrolysed by the action of a phosphatase – an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group (see dephosphorylation).

Fosfluconazole was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medicals Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Oct 16, 2003. It was developed and marketed as Prodif^® by Pfizer in Japan.

Fosfluconazole is a water-soluble phosphate prodrug of fluconazole – a triazole antifungal drug. It is indicated for the treatment of candida and cryptococcus infections.

Prodif^® is available as solution for intravenous use, containing 100, 200 or 400 mg of free Fosfluconazole per vial. The recommended dose is 50 to 100 mg administered intravenously once daily for candidiasis. Another dose is 50 to 200 mg fluconazole once daily for cryptococcosis.

Route 1

Reference：1. WO9728169A1 / US6977302B2.

2. Org. Process Res. Dev.2002, 6, 109-112.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/op010064%2B

2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)- 2-propyl dihydrogen phosphate (2). A slurry of dibenzyl 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-2-propyl phosphate (30.1 kg, 53.13 mol), 5% palladium-on-carbon catalyst (50% wet, type 5R39, 1.5 kg), and sodium hydroxide (4.36 kg, 108.9 mol) in low-endotoxin water (75.7 L) was hydrogenated at ambient temperature and 414 kPa (60 psi) for 12 h. The slurry was filtered, and the catalyst was washed with low-endotoxin water (9.8 L). After separating the toluene by-product, the aqueous phase was slurried with carbon (3.1 kg) for 30 min. After the carbon was removed by filtration, the aqueous phase was acidified to pH 1.45 by that addition of sulfuric acid (6.69 kg) in low-endotoxin water (25 L) over 2 h. The resulting slurry was granulated at ambient temperature for 1 h and then filtered. The product was sequentially washed with filtered low-endotoxin water (103 L) and filtered acetone (103 L). The product was dried under vacuum at 50 °C for 12 h to give the title compound (18.1 kg, 88%) a white powder: mp 223-224 °C.

1H NMR (DMSO) δ 5.07 (2H, d), 5.24 (2H, d), 6.77-6.83 (1H, m), 7.00-7.18 (2H, m), 7.75 (2H, s), 8.53 (2H, s).

Found: C, 40.28; H, 3.39; N, 21.63;

[MH]+ 387.0786. C13H13F2N6O4P requires: C, 40.43; H, 3.39; N, 21.78; [MH]+ 387.0782.

US6977302

https://www.google.com/patents/US6977302

EXAMPLE 1 1-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propyl dihydrogen phosphate

(a) Dibenzyl 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propyl phosphate

Method A

A solution of 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (also known as fluconazole, 10.0 g, 32.6 mmol), 1H-tetrazole (6.85 g, 97.8 mmol), dibenzyl diisopropyl phosphoramidite (22.55 g, 65.2 mmol) in methylene chloride (100 ml) was stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere for 2 hours. The mixture was then cooled to 0° C., and a solution of 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (13.5 g, 50-55% w/w, 39.1 mmol) in methylene chloride (50 ml) was added maintaining the temperature at 0° C. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature for 1 hour before washing with aqueous sodium metabisulphite and sodium bicarbonate. After drying (MgSO₄) the solvent was removed and replaced with methyl isobutyl ketone (37 ml) and tert-butyl methyl ether (74 ml). After granulating at −10° C. for 1 hour the product was filtered and washed with ice cold methyl isobutyl ketone and tert-butyl methyl ether (1:3, 15 ml) and dried at 50° C. under vacuum for 18 hours to give the subtitle compound (16.05 g, 87%), m.p. 93° C.

Found: C, 57.12; H, 4.46; N, 14.85. C₂₇H₂₅F₂N₆O₄P requires C, 57.24; H, 4.46; N, 14.84%. m/z 567 (MH⁺) ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ=4.90 (d, 2H), 4.95 (d, 2H), 5.05 (d, 2H), 5.19 (d, 2H), 6.58-6.73 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.95 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 4H) 7.32-7.38 (m; 6H), 7.80 (s, 2H), 8.36 (s, 2H).

Method B

To stirred ethyl acetate (1530 ml) was added 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol (also known as fluconazole, 306 g, 1.00 mol) and pyridine (237.3 g, 3.00 mol) before cooling to 0° C. Phosphorus trichloride (137.4 g, 1.00 mol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture maintaining the temperature between 0-5° C. before allowing the reaction mixture to warm to 15° C. over 30 minutes. Benzyl alcohol (216 g, 2.00 mol) was then added over 30 minutes at 15-20° C. After a further 30 minutes hydrogen peroxide (27.5% w/w in water, 373 g) was added maintaining the temperature at 15-20° C. After 30 minutes the aqueous phase was removed and the organic phase washed with aqueous sodium metabisulphite, dilute hydrochloric acid and water. The solvent was removed at reduced pressure and replaced with methyl isobutyl ketone (850 ml) and tert-butyl methyl ether (1132 ml). After granulating at 20° C. for 1 hour and at 0° C. for 1 hour, the product was filtered and washed with ice cold tert-butyl methyl ether (2×220 ml) and dried at 50° C. under vacuum for 18 hours to give the subtitle compound (358 g, 63%). The melting point and spectroscopic data was identical to that stated in method A.
(b) 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propyl dihydrogen phosphate

A slurry of the compound of step (a) (9.80 g, 17.3 mmol), 5% palladium on carbon catalyst (50% wet, 1.0 g) and sodium hydroxide (1.38 g, 34.6 mmol) in water (26 ml) was hydrogenated at room temperature and 414 kPa (60 p.s.i.) for 20 hours. The solution was filtered through a pad of celite (trade mark) and washed with water (5 ml). The toluene was separated and the aqueous phase cooled to 0° C. whereupon sulphuric acid (1.70 g, 17.3 mmol) was added. The resulting slurry was granulated at 0° C. for 1 hour and then filtered, washed with water (2×5 ml) and dried under vacuum at 50° C. to give the title compound (5.80 g, 87%). m.p. 223-224° C.

Found: C, 40.28; H, 3.39; N, 21.63. C₁₃H₁₃F₂N₆O₄P requires C, 40.43; H, 3.39; N, 21.76%. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO) δ=5.07 (d, 2H) 5.24 (d, 2H), 6.77-6.83 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.75 (s, 2H), 8.53 (s, 2H).

EXAMPLE 2 2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-2-propyl disodium phosphate

A solution of the compound of Example 1(a) (10.0 g, 17.7 mmol) and sodium acetate (2.90 g, 35.3 mmol) in ethanol (160 ml) and water (20 ml) was hydrogenated over Pearlman’s catalyst (1.00 g) at room temperature and at 345 kPa (50 p.s.i.) for 16 hours. The solution was filtered through a pad of celite (trade mark) and the solvents removed at reduced pressure to leave a thick syrup. This was dissolved in ethanol (100 ml) with the aid of sonication and warmed to reflux. The resulting solution was allowed to cool slowly and granulate for 1 hour at room temperature. The product was filtered, washed with ethanol (10 ml) and dried under vacuum at 50° C. to give the title compound (4.48 g, 59%). m.p. 160-162° C.

¹H NMR (300 MHz, D₂O) δ=5.01 (d, 2H), 5.40 (d, 2H), 6.60 (m, 1H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 1H), 7.63 (s, 2H), 8.68 (s, 2H).

Route 2

Reference：1. CN103864844A.

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103864844A?cl=en

TRANSLATED BY MACHINE…….TEXT MAY VARY

forskolin fluconazole (fosf Iuconazole, Formula I) is fluconazole (Formula IV) of monophosphate prodrugs, fluconazole in the tertiary alcohol into a phosphate ester, not only did not introduce a chiral center, also increased water solubility, because a long time to overcome the low water solubility of fluconazole resulting larger infusion volume defects. After intravenous administration in the role of phosphatases in vivo hydrolysis into fluconazole, pharmacological effect. Blessing from the Central Institute of the United States Secretary of fluconazole Fai end developed, launched in Japan in 2004 I May 15, for the treatment of candidiasis and cryptococcal infections caused deep as true bacteremia, respiratory fungal disease, fungal peritoneum

Inflammation, gastrointestinal fungal disease, fungal urinary tract infections, fungal meningitis.

 

Synthesis gas itraconazole on forskolin in W09728169, Organic Process Research & Development (200 2), 6 (2), 109-112, CN1789270, Art of Drug Synthesis (2007), 71-82, etc. have been reported in the literature . Which Organic Process Research & Development (2002) described in detail in the first blessing Secretary fluconazole and improved synthetic route for the route problems to adapt to industrial mass production of synthetic routes.

  Document Organic Process Research & Development (2002), 6,109-112 discloses the following two synthetic routes.

Route One:

 

Route two:

 

  The final step is a route to the removal of benzyl group in a methanol solvent by palladium on carbon catalyzed hydrogenation reaction yield was 65%. Since forskolin fluconazole final product insoluble in methanol, and therefore there is a route following shortcomings: a catalyst poisoning, the final product is easy to form methanol solvate, removing the catalyst in the loss of product, the final product are difficult to separate, low yield not suitable for industrial production.

Two routes still using palladium on carbon hydrogenation debenzylation, except that the solvent was changed to sodium hydroxide solution, the product of soluble and stable in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, after filtering off the catalyst, forskolin fluoro itraconazole by acidification of sodium sulfate can be easily obtained blessing Secretary of fluconazole, the reaction yield of 85-90%.

  In the prior art, the removal of benzyl preparation blessing Secretary of fluconazole, the use of a pressure hydrogenation, relatively harsh reaction conditions; and blessing Secretary of fluconazole in water and slightly soluble in methanol, for blessing Secretary fluconazole further refined and purified more difficult. The present invention aims to provide a new and suitable for industrial production methods blessing Secretary fluconazole.

Example 1

  2- (2,4-gas-phenyl) -1,3-bis (1H-1, 2,4- two P sat 1-yl) -2-propyl-di-benzyl-pity Cool ( Preparation blessing Secretary fluconazole dibenzyl ester)

Step  The method according to CN1210540A in Example 1 A or Method B of (a), was prepared to give the title compound, having 1H-NMR shown in Figure 1 (SOi) MHz, DMS0-D6) spectrum.

  Example 2

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas

Itraconazole ammonium salt) Preparation

  Formula III blessing Secretary fluconazole two benzyl ester (566g, lmol), 120g of dry Pd / C (containing 5% palladium) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) in methanol (6L), and stirred under reflux for 5h , TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (566ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 415g, yield 98.8%.

] lH-Mffi (500MHz, DMS0-D6) δ: 4.87-4.90, 5.58-5.61,6.56-6.60, 6.94-7.03,7.52-7.61,8.96, having 1H-NMR shown in Figure 2 (500MHz, DMS0 -D6) spectrum.

  Example 3

2- (2,4-gas-phenyl) -1,3-bis (1H-1, 2,4- two 1-yl) -2-propyl-pity acid dioxide Cool (forskolin

Fluconazole) Preparation of

[0052] Formula II forskolin fluconazole salt (420g, Imol), in water (IL) while stirring, filtered, 2mol / L sulfuric acid aqueous solution (500ml), 5 ° C under stirring for lh, filtered, cold water ( 200ml) wash, 50 ° C under dry blessed Division fluconazole 379g, yield 98%.

  1H-Mffi (SOOMHz) DMSO-De) δ:. 5.09-5.12,5.25-5.28,6.80-6.84,7.05-7.16,7.77,8.55,10.32 [0054] Example 4

  2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1Η-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

  Under nitrogen, forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 84g of dry Pd / C (5% containing button) and ammonium formate (189g, 3mol) in anhydrous methanol (5L) in the mixture was stirred at reflux for 5h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 410g, yield 97.5%.

Example 5

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

Under nitrogen, forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 30g of dry Pd / C (containing 10% palladium) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) in anhydrous methanol (5L) in the mixture was stirred at reflux for 5h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 405g, yield 96.4%.

  Example 6

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

  Under nitrogen, forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 30g of dry Pd / C (containing 10% palladium) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) in ethanol (12L) and stirred was refluxed for 5h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction, was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 395g, 94% yield.

  Example 7

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

  forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 170g of dry Pd / C (containing 5% of palladium) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) in ethanol (16L) was stirred under reflux for 5h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 398g, yield 94.7%.

  Example 8

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

Under nitrogen, forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 120g of dry Pd / C (containing 5% palladium) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) in isopropanol (12L) in the mixture was stirred at reflux for 5h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 402g, a yield of 95.7%.

Example 9

  2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

[0071] under nitrogen blessing Secretary fluconazole dibenzyl ester (566g, lmol), 60g of dry Pd / C (containing 5% palladium) and ammonium formate (504g, 8mol) in methanol (8L) in, 50 ° C under stirring reaction 40h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction, was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added ^ OOml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 398g, yield 94.8%.

Example 10

2_ (2,4_ two gas-phenyl) -1, double 3_ (1H-1, 2,4_ two 1-yl) propyl pity _2_ di press (forskolin gas itraconazole salt) Preparation

  Under nitrogen, forskolin fluconazole dibenzyl ester (5668,111101), 8 (^ dry? (1 / (:( containing palladium 5%) and ammonium formate (315g, 5mol) for n-propyl alcohol (12L) in, 60 ° C the reaction was stirred 20h, TLC monitoring completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, ethanol was added (300ml), stirred for beating, and filtered to give a solid forskolin fluconazole salt 398g 95% yield.

Example 11

2- (2,4-gas-phenyl) -1,3-bis (1H-1, 2,4- sit two P-1-yl) -2-propyl-pity acid dioxide Cool (forskolin fluconazole) Preparation of [0077] under nitrogen blessing Secretary fluconazole dibenzyl ester 566 g (Imol) adding 56g of dry Pd / C (containing 5% palladium), methanol 6L, 315 g of ammonium formate, stirring boil under reflux for 5h, TLC after completion of the reaction was filtered, 50 ° C the solvent was distilled off under reduced pressure, addition of IL of water and dissolved with stirring, filtered, 2mol / L sulfuric acid 500mL, 5 ° C with stirring to precipitate lh, filtered, 200mL cold water, 50 ° C drying 365 g, 95% yield.

  Example 12 forskolin fluconazole salt and HPLC detection methods blessing Secretary fluconazole:

  High performance liquid chromatography (Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition two Appendix VD): octadecylsilane bonded silica as a filler, Column: Thermo BDS C18 (4.6 X 150mm, 3.5 μ m); methanol as mobile phase A, phosphate buffer (take potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.68g, set 1000ml water, triethylamine 6ml, adjusted to pH 5.0 with phosphoric acid) as the mobile phase B, a flow rate of 1.0ml / min; column temperature 35 ° C; detection wavelength was 210nm, linear gradient.

  After the examination, according to the peak area calculation, purity prepared in Example 2-11 was the implementation of the target product of 99.5%.

IMPURITIES

1

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity A C13H12F2N6O306.2786386-73-4

2

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity B C13H13F2N6O4P386.25

3

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity C C13H14FN6O4P368.26

4

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity D C13H14FN6O4P368.26

5

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity E C27H25F2N6O4P566.5

6

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity F C20H19F2N6O4P476.37

7

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity G C13H13F2N6O5P402.25

8

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity H C13H15N6O4P350.27

9

Impurity Name:Molecular Formula:Molecular Weight:CAS No.:

Fosfluconazole Impurity I C13H14FN6O4P368.26

Fosfluconazole

Systematic (IUPAC) name
{[2-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]oxy}phosphonic acid
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	International Drug Names
Legal status	℞ (Prescription only)
Routes of administration	IV
Identifiers
CAS Number	194798-83-9
ATC code	None
PubChem	CID 214356
ChemSpider	185843
UNII	3JIJ299EWH
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1908301
Chemical data
Formula	C13H13F2N6O4P
Molar mass	386.25 g/mol

//////UK-292663, UK 292663, F-FLCZ, F FLCZ, Fosfluconazole,  194798-83-9, UNII-3JIJ299EWH, 3JIJ299EWH, NCGC00182029-01

Fc1ccc(c(F)c1)C(OP(=O)(O)O)(Cn2ncnc2)Cn3ncnc3

Trelagliptin

865759-25-7; UNII-Q836OWG55H

2-[[6-[(3R)-3-aminopiperidin-1-yl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl]methyl]-4-fluorobenzonitrile

(R) -2 – ((6 (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) synthesis of 4-fluoro-benzonitrile

(R)-2-((6-(3-amino-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-l(2H)-yl)methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile

A dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor used to treat type 2 diabetes.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (IUBMB Enzyme Nomenclature EC.3.4.14.5) is a type π membrane protein that has been referred to in the literature by a wide a variety of names including DPP4, DP4, DAP-IV, FAPβ, adenosine deaminase complexing protein 2, adenosine deaminase binding protein (AD Abp), dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV; Xaa-Pro-dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase; Gly-Pro naphthylamidase; postproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV; lymphocyte antigen CD26; glycoprotein GPI lO; dipeptidyl peptidase IV; glycylproline aminopeptidase; glycylproline aminopeptidase; X-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; pep X; leukocyte antigen CD26; glycylprolyl dipeptidylaminopeptidase; dipeptidyl-peptide hydrolase; glycylprolyl aminopeptidase; dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase IV; DPP ΓV/CD26; amino acyl-prolyl dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; T cell triggering molecule TρlO3; X-PDAP. Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV is referred to herein as “DPP-IV.” [0003] DPP-W is a non-classical serine aminodipeptidase that removes Xaa-Pro dipeptides from the amino terminus (N-terminus) of polypeptides and proteins. DPP-IV dependent slow release of dipeptides of the type X-GIy or X-Ser has also been reported for some naturally occurring peptides.
DPP-IV is constitutively expressed on epithelial and endothelial cells of a variety of different tissues (intestine, liver, lung, kidney and placenta), and is also found in body fluids. DPP-IV is also expressed on circulating T-lymphocytes and has been shown to be synonymous with the cell-surface antigen, CD-26. DPP-IV has been implicated in a number of disease states, some of which are discussed below.
[0005] DPP-IV is responsible for the metabolic cleavage of certain endogenous peptides (GLP-I (7-36), glucagon) in vivo and has demonstrated proteolytic activity against a variety of other peptides (GHRH, NPY, GLP-2, VIP) in vitro.

GLP-I (7-36) is a 29 amino-acid peptide derived by post-translational processing of proglucagon in the small intestine. GLP-I (7-36) has multiple actions in vivo including the stimulation of insulin secretion, inhibition of glucagon secretion, the promotion of satiety, and the slowing of gastric emptying. Based on its physiological profile, the actions of GLP-I (7-36) are believed to be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes and potentially obesity. For example, exogenous administration of GLP-I (7-36) (continuous infusion) in diabetic patients has been found to be efficacious in this patient population. Unfortunately, GLP-I (7-36) is degraded rapidly in vivo and has been shown to have a short half -life in vivo (t_1/2=1.5 minutes).
Based on a study of genetically bred DPP-IV knock out mice and on in vivo I in vitro studies with selective DPP-IV inhibitors, DPP-IV has been shown to be the primary degrading enzyme of GLP-I (7-36) in vivo. GLP-I (7-36) is degraded by DPP-IV efficiently to GLP-I (9-36), which has been speculated to act as a physiological antagonist to GLP-I (7-36). Inhibiting DPP-TV in vivo is therefore believed to be useful for potentiating endogenous levels of GLP-I (7-36) and attenuating the formation of its antagonist GLP-I (9-36). Thus, DPP-IV inhibitors are believed to be useful agents for the prevention, delay of progression, and/or treatment of conditions mediated by DPP-IV, in particular diabetes and more particularly, type 2 diabetes mellitus, diabetic dislipidemia, conditions of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose (WG), metabolic acidosis, ketosis, appetite regulation and obesity.

DPP-IV expression is increased in T-cells upon mitogenic or antigenic stimulation (Mattem, T., et al., Scand. J. Immunol, 1991, 33, 737). It has been reported that inhibitors of DPP-IV and antibodies to DPP-IV suppress the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated and antigen-stimulated T-cells in a dose-dependant manner (Schon, E., et al., Biol. Chem., 1991, 372, 305). Various other functions of T-lymphocytes such as cytokine production, IL-2 mediated cell proliferation and B-cell helper activity have been shown to be dependent on DPP-IV activity (Schon, E., et al., Scand. J. Immunol, 1989, 29, 127). DPP-IV inhibitors, based on boroProline, (Flentke, G. R., et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Set USA, 1991, 88, 1556) although unstable, were effective at inhibiting antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 production in murine CD4+ T-helper cells. Such boronic acid inhibitors have been shown to have an effect in vivo in mice causing suppression of antibody production induced by immune challenge (Kubota, T. et al, Clin. Exp. Immun., 1992, 89, 192). The role of DPP-IV in regulating T lymphocyte activation may also be attributed, in part, to its cell-surface association with the transmembrane phosphatase, CD45. DPP-IV inhibitors or non-active site ligands may possibly disrupt the CD45-DPP-TV association. CD45 is known to be an integral component of the T-cell signaling apparatus. It has been reported that DPP-IV is essential for the penetration and infectivity of HTV-I and HTV-2 viruses in CD4+ T-cells (Wakselman, M., Nguyen, C, Mazaleyrat, J.-P., Callebaut, C, Krust, B., Hovanessian, A. G., Inhibition of HIV-I infection of CD 26+ but not CD 26-cells by a potent cyclopeptidic inhibitor of the DPP-IV activity of CD 26. Abstract P.44 of the 24.sup.th European Peptide Symposium 1996). Additionally, DPP-IV has been shown to associate with the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) on the surface of T-cells (Kameoka, J., et al., Science, 193, 26 466). ADA deficiency causes severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in humans. This ADA-CD26 interaction may provide clues to the pathophysiology of SCID. It follows that inhibitors of DPP-TV may be useful immunosuppressants (or cytokine release suppressant drugs) for the treatment of among other things: organ transplant rejection; autoimmune diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis; and the treatment of AIDS.
It has been shown that lung endothelial cell DPP-IV is an adhesion molecule for lung-metastatic rat breast and prostate carcinoma cells (Johnson, R. C, et al., J. Cell. Biol, 1993, 121, 1423). DPP-IV is known to bind to fibronectin and some metastatic tumor cells are known to carry large amounts of fibronectin on their surface. Potent DPP-IV inhibitors may be useful as drugs to prevent metastases of, for example, breast and prostrate tumors to the lungs.
High levels of DPP-PV expression have also been found in human skin fibroblast cells from patients with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lichen planus (Raynaud, F., et al., J. Cell. Physiol, 1992, 151, 378). Therefore, DPP-TV inhibitors may be useful as agents to treat dermatological diseases such as psoriasis and lichen planus. [0011] High DPP-TV activity has been found in tissue homogenates from patients with benign prostate hypertrophy and in prostatosomes. These are prostate derived organelles important for the enhancement of sperm forward motility (Vanhoof, G., et al., EMr. /.

Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem., 1992, 30, 333). DPP-IV inhibitors may also act to suppress sperm motility and therefore act as a male contraceptive agent. Conversely, DPP-IV inhibitors have been implicated as novel for treatment of infertility, and particularly human female infertility due to Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS, Stein-Leventhal syndrome) which is a condition characterized by thickening of the ovarian capsule and . formation of multiple follicular cysts. It results in infertility and amenorrhea.
DPP-IV is thought to play a role in the cleavage of various cytokines
(stimulating hematopoietic cells), growth factors and neuropeptides.
[0013] Stimulated hematopoietic cells are useful for the treatment of disorders that are characterized by a reduced number of hematopoietic cells or their precursors in vivo. Such conditions occur frequently in patients who are immunosuppressed, for example, as a consequence of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy for cancer. It was discovered that inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase type PV are useful for stimulating the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in the absence of exogenously added cytokines or other growth factors or stromal cells. This discovery contradicts the dogma in the field of hematopoietic cell stimulation, which provides that the addition of cytokines or cells that produce cytokines (stromal cells) is an essential element for maintaining and stimulating the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells in culture. (See, e.g., PCT Intl. Application No. PCT/US93/017173 published as WO 94/03055).
[0014] DPP-IV in human plasma has been shown to cleave N-terminal Tyr-Ala from growth hormone-releasing factor and cause inactivation of this hormone. Therefore, inhibitors of DPP-IV may be useful in the treatment of short stature due to growth hormone deficiency (Dwarfism) and for promoting GH-dependent tissue growth or re-growth.
DPP-IV can also cleave neuropeptides and has been shown to modulate the activity of neuroactive peptides substance P, neuropeptide Y and CLIP (Mentlein, R., Dahms, P., Grandt, D., Kruger, R., Proteolytic processing of neuropeptide Y and peptide YY by dipeptidyl peptidase IV, Regul. Pept., 49, 133, 1993; Wetzel, W., Wagner, T., Vogel, D., Demuth, H.-U., Balschun, D., Effects of the CLIP fragment ACTH 20-24 on the duration of REM sleep episodes, Neuropeptides, 31, 41, 1997). Thus DPP-IV inhibitors may also be useful agents for the regulation or normalization of neurological disorders.
Several compounds have been shown to inhibit DPP-IV. Nonetheless, a need still exists for new DPP-IV inhibitors that have advantageous potency, stability, selectivity, toxicity and/or pharmacodynamics properties. In this regard, synthetic methods are provided that can be used to make a novel class of DPP-IV inhibitors.

Trelagliptin (Zafatek) is a pharmaceutical drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (diabetes mellitus).^[1]

Indications for Medical Use

It is a highly selective dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) inhibitor that is typically used as an add on treatment when the first line treatment of metformin is not achieving the expected glycemic goals; though it has been approved for use as a first line treatment when metformin cannot be used.^[1]

Biochemistry

DPP-4 inhibitors activate T-cells and are more commonly known as T-cell activation antigens (specifically CD26).^[1][2] Chemically, it is a fluorinated derivative of alogliptin.

Development

Formulated as the salt trelagliptin succinate, it was approved for use in Japan in March 2015.^[3] Takeda, the company that developed trelagliptin, chose to not get approval for the drug in the USA and EU.^[1] The licensing rights that Takeda purchased from Furiex Pharmaceuticals for DPP-4 inhibitors included a clause specific to development of this drug in the USA and EU.^[1] The clause required that all services done for phase II and phase III clinical studies in the USA and EU be purchased through Furiex.^[1] Takeda chose to cease development of this drug in the USA and EU because of the high costs quoted by Furiex for these services.^[1] Gliptins have been on the market since 2006 and there are 8 gliptins currently registered as drugs (worldwide).^[4] Gliptins are an emerging market and are thus being developed at an increasing rate; there are currently two gliptins in advanced stages of development that are expected to be on the market in the coming year.^[4]

Gliptins are thought to have cardiovascular protective abilities though the extent of these effects is still being studied.^[4] They are also being studied for the ability that this class of drugs has at promoting B-cell survival.^[4]

Administration and Dosing

Similar drugs in the same class as trelagliptin are administered once daily while trelagliptin is administered once weekly.^[1][5] Alogliptin (Nesina) is the other major DPP-4 inhibitor on the market. It is also owned by Takeda and is administered once daily. A dosing of once per week is advantageous as a reduction in the frequency of required dosing is known to increase patient compliance.^[1][2]

Zafatek is administered in the form trelagliptin succinate in a 1:1 mixture of trelagliptin and succinic acid.^[6] The drug is marketed with the IUPAC name Succinic acid – 2-({6-[(3R)-3-amino-1-piperidinyl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl}methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (1:1), has a molecular mass of 475.470143 grams/mol, and has the molecular formula | C=22 | H=26 | F=1 | N=5 | O=6 .^[6][7]

SYNTHESIS …………….

PAPER

DOI: 10.1021/jm101016w

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm101016w

The discovery of two classes of heterocyclic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors, pyrimidinones and pyrimidinediones, is described. After a single oral dose, these potent, selective, and noncovalent inhibitors provide sustained reduction of plasma DPP-4 activity and lowering of blood glucose in animal models of diabetes. Compounds 13a, 27b, and 27j were selected for development.

2-[6-(3-Aminopiperidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl]-4-fluorobenzonitrile, TFA salt (27j)

A mixture of 3-methyl-6-chlorouracil (0.6 g, 3.8 mmol), 2-bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile (0.86 g, 4 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (0.5 g, 4 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were dried over MgSO₄, and the solvent was removed. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give 0.66 g of 2-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (60%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (dd, J = 7.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11−7.17 (m, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.034 (s, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H). MS (ES) [M + H] calcd for C₁₃H₉ClFN₃O₂, 293; found 293.

2-(6-Chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (300 mg, 1.0 mmol), 3-(R)-aminopiperidine dihydrochloride (266 mg, 1.5 mmol), and sodium bicarbonate (500 mg, 5.4 mmol) were stirred in a sealed tube in EtOH (3 mL) at 100 °C for 2 h. The final compound (367 mg, 81% yield) was obtained as a TFA salt after HPLC purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ 7.77−7.84 (m, 1H), 7.16−7.27 (m, 2H), 5.46 (s, 1H), 5.17−5.34 (ABq, 2H, J = 35.2, 15.6 Hz), 3.33−3.47 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.98−3.08 (m, 1H), 2.67−2.92 (m, 2H), 2.07−2.17 (m, 1H), 1.82−1.92 (m, 1H), 1.51−1.79 (m, 2H). MS (ES) [M + H] calcd for C₁₈H₂₀FN₅O₂, 357; found, 357.

PATENT

WO 2007035629

http://www.google.com/patents/WO2007035629A3?cl=en

(R)-2-((6-(3-amino-3-methylpiperidin-l-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-l(2H)-yl)methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (30). 2-(6-Chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-l-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (300 mg, 1.0 mmol), (R)-3-amino-3-methyl-piperidine dihydrochloride (266 mg, 1.4 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (500 mg, 5.4 mmol) were stirred in a sealed tube in EtOH (3 mL) at 100⁰C for 2 hrs. The final compound was obtained as TFA salt after HPLC purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD): δ. 7.78-7.83 (m, IH), 7.14-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.47 (s, IH), 5.12-5.36 (ABq, 2H, J = 105.2, 15.6 Hz), 3.21 (s, IH), 2.72-3.15 (m, 4H), 1.75-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.39 (s, 3H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C19H22FN5O2, 372.41; found, 372.41.
Compound 34

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (31). A mixture of 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene (3.5 g, 18.5 mmol) and CuCN (2 g, 22 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) was refluxed for 24 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with hexane. The organics were dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent removed to give product 31 (yield 60%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (dd, J=5.6, 8.8 Hz, IH), 6.93-7.06 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H).
2-Bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile (32). A mixture of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (2 g, 14.8 mmol), NBS (2.64 g, 15 mmol) and AIBN (100 mg) in CCl₄ was refluxed under nitrogen for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solid was removed by filtration. The organic solution was concentrated to give crude product as an oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (dd, J= 5.2, 8.4 Hz, IH), 7.28 (dd, J= 2.4, 8.8 Hz, IH), 7.12 (m, IH), 4.6 (s, 2H).
Alternatively, 32 was made as follows. 4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (1 kg) in DCE (2 L) was treated with AJJBN (122 g) and heated to 75⁰C. A suspension of DBH (353 g) in DCE (500 mL) was added at 75⁰C portionwise over 20 minutes. This operation was repeated 5 more times over 2.5 hours. The mixture was then stirred for one additional hour and optionally monitored for completion by, for example, measuring the amount of residual benzonitrile using HPLC. Additional AJ-BN (e.g., 12.5 g) was optionally added to move the reaction toward completion. Heating was stopped and the mixture was allowed to cool overnight. N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.3 L) was added (at <10°C over 1.5 hours) and then diethyl phosphite (1.9 L) was added (at <20°C over 30 min). The mixture was then stirred for 30 minutes or until completion. The mixture was then washed with 1% sodium metabisulfite solution (5 L) and purified with water (5 L). The organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to afford 32 as a dark brown oil (3328 g), which was used without further purification (purity was 97% (AUC)).
2-(6-Chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-l-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (33). A mixture of crude 3-methyl-6-chlorouracil (0.6 g, 3.8 mmol), 2-bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile (0.86 g, 4 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.5 g, 4 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) was stirred at 6O⁰C for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent removed. The residue was purified by column chromatography. 0.66 g of the product was obtained (yield: 60%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (dd, 1=1.2, 8.4Hz, IH), 7.26 (d, J-4.0Hz, IH), 7.11-7.17 (m, IH), 6.94 (dd, J=2.0, 9.0 Hz, IH), 6.034 (s, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₃H₉ClFN₃O₂, 293.68; found 293.68.
Alternatively, 33 was made as follows. To a solution of 6-chloro-3-methyluracil (750 g) and W,iV-diisopropylethylarnine (998 mL) in NMP (3 L) was added (at <30°C over 25 min) a solution of 32 (2963 g crude material containing 1300 g of 32 in 3 L of toluene). The mixture was then heated at 6O⁰C for 2 hours or until completion (as determined, for example, by HPLC). Heating was then stopped and the mixture was allowed to cool overnight. Purified water (3.8 L) was added, and the resultant slurry was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 hour and at <5°C for one hour. The mixture was then filtered under vacuum and the wet cake was washed with IPA (2 X 2.25 L). The material was then dried in a vacuum oven at 40±5°C for 16 or more hours to afford 33 as a tan solid (>85% yield; purity was >99% (AUC)).
2-[6-(3-Amino-piperidin-l-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-l-ylmethyl]-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (34). 2-(6-Chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-l-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (300 mg, 1.0 mmol), (R)-3-amino-piperidine dihydrochloride (266 mg, 1.5 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (500 mg, 5.4 mmol) were stirred in a sealed tube in EtOH (3 mL) at 100⁰C for 2 hrs. The final compound was obtained as TFA salt after HPLC purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ. 7.77-7.84 (m, IH), 7.16-7.27 (m, 2H), 5.46 (s, IH), 5.17-5.34 (ABq, 2H, J = 35.2, 15.6 Hz), 3.33-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.08 (m, IH), 2.67-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, IH), 1.82-1.92 (m, IH), 1.51-1.79 (m, 2H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₈H₂₀FN₅O₂, 357.38; found, 357.38.
Alternatively, the free base of 34 was prepared as follows. A mixture of 33 (1212 g), IPA (10.8 L), (R)-3-amino-piperidine dihydrochloride (785 g), purified water (78 mL) and potassium carbonate (2.5 kg, powder, 325 mesh) was heated at 6O⁰C until completion (e.g., for >20 hours) as determined, for example, by HPLC. Acetonitrile (3.6 L) was then added at 6O⁰C and the mixture was allowed to cool to <25°C. The resultant slurry was filtered under vacuum and the filter cake was washed with acetonitrile (2 X 3.6 L). The filtrate was concentrated at 45⁰C under vacuum (for >3 hours) to afford 2.6 kg of the free base of 34.
The HCl salt of 34 was prepared from the TFA salt as follows. The TFA salt (34) was suspended in DCM, and then washed with saturated Na₂CO₃. The organic layer was dried and removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile and HCl in dioxane (1.5 eq.) was added at 0⁰C. The HCl salt was obtained after removing the solvent. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ. 7.77-7.84 (m, IH), 7.12-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.47 (s, IH), 5.21-5.32 (ABq, 2H, J = 32.0, 16.0 Hz), 3.35-3.5 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.1 (m, IH), 2.69-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, IH), 1.83-1.93 (m, IH), 1.55-1.80 (m, 2H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₈H₂₀FN₅O₂, 357.38; found, 357.38.
Alternatively, the HCl salt was prepared from the free base as follows. To a solution of free base in CH₂Cl₂ (12 L) was added (at <35°C over 18 minutes) 2 M hydrochloric acid (3.1 L). The slurry was stirred for 1 hour and then filtered. The wet cake was washed with CH₂Cl₂ (3.6 L) and then THF (4.8 L). The wet cake was then slurried in THF (4.8 L) for one hour and then filtered. The filter cake was again washed with THF (4.8 L). The material was then dried in a vacuum oven at 5O⁰C (with a nitrogen bleed) until a constant weight (e.g., >26 hours) to afford 34 as the HCl salt as a white solid (1423 g, >85% yield).
The succinate salt of 34 was prepared from the HCl salt as follows. To a mixture of the HCl salt of 34 (1414 g), CH₂Cl₂ (7 L) and purifed water (14 L) was added 50% NaOH solution (212 mL) until the pH of the mixture was >12. The biphasic mixture was stirred for 30 min and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5.7 L) and the combined organic layers were washed with purified water (6 L). The organic layer was then passed through an in-line filter and concentrated under vacuum at 3O⁰C over three hours to afford the free base as an off-white solid. The free base was slurried in prefiltered THF (15 L) and prefiltered IPA (5.5 L). The mixture was then heated at 6O⁰C until complete dissolution of the free base was observed. A prefiltered solution of succinic acid (446 g) in THF (7 L) was added (over 23 min) while maintaining the mixture temperature at >57°C. After stirring at 6O⁰C for 15 min, the heat was turned off, the material was allowed to cool, and the slurry was stirred for 12 hours at 25±5°C. The material was filtered under vacuum and the wet cake was washed with prefiltered IPA (2 X 4.2 L). The material was then dried in a vacuum oven at 70±5°C (with a nitrogen bleed) for >80 hours to afford the succinate salt of 34 as a white solid (1546 g, >90% yield).
The product was also converted to a variety of corresponding acid addition salts. Specifically, the benzonitrile product (approximately 10 mg) in a solution of MeOH (1 mL) was treated with various acids (1.05 equivalents). The solutions were allowed to stand for three days open to the air. If a precipitate formed, the mixture was filtered and the salt dried. If no solid formed, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue isolated. In this way, salts of 34 were prepared from the following acids: benzoic, p-toluenesulfonic, succinic, R-(-)-Mandelic and benzenesulfonic. The succinate was found to be crystalline as determined by x-ray powder diffraction analysis.
In addition, the methanesulfonate salt was prepared as follows. A 10.5 g aliquot of the benzonitrile product was mixed with 400 mL of isopropylacetate. The slurry was heated to 75°C and filtered through #3 Whatman filter paper. The solution was heated back to 75⁰C and a IM solution of methanesulfonic acid (30.84 mL) was added slowly over 10 minutes while stirring. The suspension was cooled to room temperature at a rate of about 20°C/hr. After 1 hr at room temperature, the solid was filtered and dried in an oven overnight to obtain the methanesulfonate salt.

PATENT

US 2008227798

http://www.google.com/patents/US20080227798

EXAMPLES

Example 1Preparation of 2-[6-(3-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl]-4-fluoro-benzonitrile succinate (Compound I)
• Compound I may be prepared by the follow synthetic route (Scheme 1)

A. Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (Compound B)

• Compound B was prepared by refluxing a mixture of 2-bromo-5-fluoro-toluene (Compound A) (3.5 g, 18.5 mmol) and CuCN (2 g, 22 mmol) in DMF (100 mL) for 24 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with hexane. The organics were dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent removed to give product B (yield 60%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.60 (dd, J=5.6, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93-7.06 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H).

B. Preparation of 2-bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile (Compound C)

• Compound C was prepared by refluxing a mixture of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile (Compound B) (2 g, 14.8 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) (2.64 g, 15 mmol) and azo-bis-isobutyronitrile (AIBN) (100 mg) in CCl₄ under nitrogen for 2 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. The solid was removed by filtration. The organic solution was concentrated to give the crude product the form of an oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.68 (dd, J=5.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=2.4, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 4.6 (s, 2H).

C. Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (Compound D)

• Compound E was prepared by stirring a mixture of crude 3-methyl-6-chlorouracil D (0.6 g, 3.8 mmol), 2-bromomethyl-4-fluorobenzonitrile (0.86 g, 4 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.5 g, 4 mmol) in DMSO (10 mL) at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organics were dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent removed. The residue was purified by column chromatography. 0.66 g of the product was obtained (yield: 60%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 7.73 (dd, J=7.2, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.17 (m, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J=2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.034 (s, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₃H₉ClFN₃O₂, 293.68; found 293.68.

D. Preparation of 2-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (Compound F)

• Compound F was prepared by mixing and stirring 2-(6-chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile (Compound E) (300 mg, 1.0 mmol), (R)-3-amino-piperidine dihydrochloride (266 mg, 1.5 mmol) and sodium bicarbonate (500 mg, 5.4 mmol) in a sealed tube in EtOH (3 mL) at 100° C. for 2 hrs. The final compound was obtained as trifluoroacetate (TFA) salt after HPLC purification. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ. 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.27 (m, 2H), 5.46 (s, 1H), 5.17-5.34 (ABq, 2H, J=35.2, 15.6 Hz), 3.33-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.79 (m, 2H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₈H₂₀FN₅O₂, 357.38; found, 357.38.

E. Preparation of Compound I: the succinic acid salt of 2-(6-Chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-ylmethyl)-4-fluoro-benzonitrile

• The TFA salt prepared in the above step (Example 1, Step D) was suspended in DCM, and then washed with saturated Na₂CO₃. The organic layer was dried and removed in vacuo. The benzonitrile product (approximately 10 mg) was dissolved in MeOH (1 mL) and to which succinic acid in THF (1.05 equivalents) was added. The solutions were allowed to stand for three days open to the air. If a precipitate formed, the solid was collected by filtration. If no solid formed, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the succinate salt was obtained after removing the solvent. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): δ. 7.77-7.84 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.47 (s, 1H), 5.21-5.32 (ABq, 2H, J=32.0, 16.0 Hz), 3.35-3.5 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.1 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.80 (m, 2H). MS (ES) [m+H] calc’d for C₁₈H₂₀FN₅O₂, 357.38; found, 357.38.
• Compound I such prepared was found to be crystalline as determined by x-ray powder diffraction analysis (FIG. 1). The crystal material was designated Form A.

 PATENT

WO2012118180

Reference Example 2
in the following formula 2, 2 – ((6 – ((3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H ) – yl) shown in the following example of a production process of a methyl) -4-fluoro-benzonitrile succinate (4b).

[Formula 2]

[In the formula 2, 2 – ((6-chloro-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (2b) manufacturing process]
ethyl acetate (3.5 vol), 2- (bromomethyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile (1b) (1 equiv, 1wt.), 6- chloro-3-methyl uracil (1.05 eq, 0.79wt), N- methylpyrrolidone (NMP;.. 3.5 times the amount), diisopropylethylamine (Hunig’s base, 2.1 eq, 1.27wt) was heated to an internal temperature of 60 ~ 70 ℃ a.
The mixture was stirred until 2-4 hours or the completion of the reaction at 60 ~ 70 ℃.
Then cooling the solution to 40 ~ 50 ℃, after stirring at least 30 minutes, 40 ~ 50 ℃ isopropanol (1.5 times) while maintaining, water (3.5 times the amount) was added, then at least one hour stirring did. The solution was cooled to 20 ~ 30 ℃, was then stirred for at least 1 hour. The solution was cooled to 0 ~ 10 ℃, was then stirred for at least 1 hour. The resulting slurry was filtered, washed with 0 ~ 10 ℃ in cold isopropanol (4.0 vol), and vacuum dried at 45 ~ 55 ℃, to give the above compound (2b).

[In the formula 2, 2 – ((6 – ((3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) -4-manufacturing process of the fluorobenzonitrile (3b)]
the above compound (2b) (1 eq, 1wt.), (R) -3- aminopiperidine dihydrochloride (1.1 eq, 0.65wt .), potassium carbonate (2.5 equivalents, 1.18wt.), isopropanol (5.0 vol), water (1.5 times) until the completion of the reaction with 65 ~ 75 ℃ (eg, 3 to 7 hours ) was allowed to react. Potassium carbonate in 65 ~ 75 ℃ (7.05 eq, 3.32wt.), Water (5.5 vol) was added, and after stirring for about 30 minutes, the phases were separated at 50 ℃ ~ 70 ℃. The organic solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to approximately 5 times. And water (5 vol) was added to the solution and concentrated under reduced pressure to approximately 5 times. The solution was stirred for about 40 minutes at 55 ℃ ~ 75 ℃. The solution was cooled to 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, was then stirred for at least 1 hour. The solution was cooled to 0 ~ 10 ℃, subsequently stirred for at least 1 hour, the resulting slurry was filtered, washed with 0 ~ 10 ℃ in cold water (2.0 times the amount), 45 ~ 55 ℃ was vacuum dried to give the above compound (3b).

[In the above formula 2, the compound production step of succinate (4b) of (3b)]
Compound (3b), tetrahydrofuran (6.0 vol), isopropanol (3.0 vol), water (0. a 6-fold amount) was heated to 55 ~ 65 ℃. Tetrahydrofuran solution of succinic acid (20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃) was added and the solution was stirred for about 15 minutes and maintained at 55 ~ 65 ℃.
The solution was cooled to 20 ~ 30 ℃, the mixture was stirred for at least 1 hour. The solution was cooled to 0 ~ 10 ℃, was then stirred for at least 1 hour. After the resulting slurry filtered and washed with isopropanol (6.0 vol). The resulting wet crystals were dried at 65 ~ 75 ℃, was obtained succinate of the compound (3b) and (4b) as a white crystalline solid.

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/CN103030631A?cl=en

2 – ({6 -! [(3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl] -3-methyl-dihydro-pyrimidin _3,4_ _2,4_ dioxo-1 (2 1) – yl} methyl) benzonitrile is an effective DPP-1V inhibitors class of drugs in recent years in Japan, the structural formula

As shown below.

  Chinese Patent Application CN1926128 discloses a process for preparing 2_ ({6_ [(3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl] -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4- dihydropyrimidine-1 (2 1!) – yl} methyl) benzonitrile method, as shown in Scheme I:

Scheme I

In the above reaction scheme, 6-chloro-uracil and 2-bromomethyl-benzene cyanide in a mixed solvent of DMF-DMSO, in the presence of NaH and LiBr alkylation reaction to give compound 2 in a yield of 54%. Compound 2 is further alkylation reaction of compound yield 3 is 72%. The total yield of the compound 4 prepared in 20% yield is low, and the preparation of compound 4 obtained purity is not high, but also the need for further purification, such as recrystallization, column chromatography and other means in order to obtain high-purity suitable Pharmaceutically acceptable 2 – ({6 – [(3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl] -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidin _1 (2! 1) – yl} methyl) benzonitrile compound. Preparation still find more suitable for industrial production, a higher yield of the 2- ({6- [(3R) -3- amino-piperidin-1-yl] -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo -3, (2Η) 4- dihydropyrimidine-1 – yl} methyl) benzonitrile or a salt or the like.

 PATENT

WO 2015137496

Example 15
(R) -2 – ((6 (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) synthesis of 4-fluoro-benzonitrile

100mL four-necked flask of water and isopropanol 1/1 (v / v) mixture 60mL was added, pyridine 21.4μL [d = 0.98, mw.79.10, 0.26mmol], (R) -1- (3- (2 – cyano-5-fluoro-benzyl) -1-methyl-2,6-dioxo-1,2,3,6-tetra-hydro-4-yl) piperidin-3-carboxamide 2.00g [mw.385.39, 5.19mmol] of It was added to the order. Then, iodobenzene diacetate 1.84g [mw.322.10, 5.71mmol] was added, and the mixture was stirred for 3 h at 20 ℃. After volatile components were distilled off under reduced pressure by an evaporator, and the aqueous solution was washed twice with ethyl acetate 20mL. After cooling to near 0 ℃, potassium carbonate 16g added stepwise at 15 ℃ or less, was extracted by the addition of toluene 6mL and isopropanol 6mL. After separation, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine 10mL, adding toluene 6mL after concentration under reduced pressure by an evaporator, and further subjected to vacuum concentration. It was suspended by the addition of toluene 6mL to concentrate, by the addition of n-heptane 6mL, after 1 hour and aged at 0 ℃, reduced pressure filtration, to obtain the desired compound after drying under reduced pressure at 50 ℃. White crystalline powder, 1.6g, 86% yield.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, CDCl 3 ) delta (ppm) 1.23 (D, J = 11.03 Hz, 1H) 1.30 (BRS, 2H) 1.56-1.67 (M, 1H) 1.72-1.83 (M, 1H) 1.95 (dd , J = 12.77 Hz, 3.94 Hz, 1H) 2.41 (m, 1H) 2.61 (m, 1H) 2.87-2.98 (m, 2H) 2.99-3.05 (m, 1H) 3.32 (s, 3H) 5.23-5.32 (m , 2H) 5.39 (s, 1H) 6.86 (dd, J = 8.99 Hz, 2.36 Hz, 1H) 7.09 (td, J = 8.04 Hz, 2.52 Hz, 1H) 7.69 (dd, J = 8.51 Hz, 5.36 Hz, 1H ).

13 C NMR (126 MHz, CDCl 3 ) ppm 28.0, 33.4, 46.1, 51.9, 59.7, 90.8, 114.6,114.7, 115.6, 115.8, 116.4, 135.4, 135.5, 144.6, 152.7, 159.5, 162.9.
Reference Example 4
(R) -2 – ((6 (3-amino-piperidin-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) synthesis of 4-fluoro-benzonitrile succinate

50mL eggplant-shaped flask (R) -2 – ((6- (3- amino-1-yl) -3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-pyrimidine -1 (2H) – yl) methyl) -4-fluorobenzonitrile 1.0g [mw.357.38, 2.8mmol], it was added tetrahydrofuran 4.5mL and water 2 drops. After heated and dissolved at 65 ℃, was dropped to the solution was dissolved at the same temperature 0.331g succinic acid [mw.118.09, 2.8mmol] with tetrahydrofuran 4mL and isopropanol 2.5mL. Aged for 16 hours at room temperature after stirring for 30 min at 65 ℃, and stirred for a further 2 hours at 0 ℃. The crystallization product was collected by terrorism to vacuum filtration. To obtain the desired compound after drying under reduced pressure at 45 ℃. White crystalline powder, 1.2g, 93% yield.

1 H-NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) delta (ppm) 1.35 (D, J = 8.83 Hz, 1H) 1.42-1.57 (M, 1H) 1.66-1.97 (M, 2H) 2.54-2.77 (M, 2H) 2.91 ( d, J = 11.35 Hz, 1H) 3.00-3.07 (m, 1H) 3.08 (m, 1H) 3.09 (s, 3H) 3.14 (m, 1H) 5.12 (d, J = 16.08 Hz, 1H) 5.20 (d, J = 16.39 Hz, 1H) 5.38 (s, 1H) 7.17 (dd, J = 9.62 Hz, 2.36 Hz, 1H) 7.35 (td, J = 8.51 Hz, 2.52 Hz, 1H) 7.95 (dd, J = 8.67 Hz, 5.52 Hz, 1H).

13 C NMR (126 MHz, DMSO) delta ppm 27.9, 31.6, 46.3, 47.0, 51.7, 55.8, 90.3, 106.9, 115.7, 117.1, 136.45, 136.53, 145.8, 152.3, 159.7, 162.7, 164.1 , 166.1, 175.2.

PATENT

http://www.google.com/patents/CN102964196A?cl=en

PATENT

WO 2016024224,

New Patent, Trelagliptin, SUN PHARMA

SUN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED [IN/IN]; Sun House, Plot No. 201 B/1 Western Express Highway Goregaon (E) Mumbai, Maharashtra 400 063 (IN)

BARMAN, Dhiren, Chandra; (IN).
NATH, Asok; (IN).
PRASAD, Mohan; (IN)

The present invention provides a process for the preparation of 4-fluoro-2- methylbenzonitrile of Formula (II), and its use for the preparation of trelagliptin or its salts. The present invention provides an efficient, simple, and commercially friendly process for the preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile, which is used as an intermediate for the preparation of trelagliptin or its salts. The present invention avoids the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, high boiling solvents, and bromo intermediates such as 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene, which is lachrymatory in nature and thus difficult to handle at a commercial scale.

Trelagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor, chemically designated as 2- [[6-[(3i?)-3 -aminopiperidin- 1 -yl] -3 -methyl -2,4-dioxopyrimidin- 1 -yljmethyl] -4-fluorobenzonitrile, represented by Formula I.

Formula I

Trelagliptin is administered as a succinate salt of Formula la, chemically designated as 2-[[6-[(3i?)-3-aminopiperidin-l-yl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxopyrimidin-l-yl]methyl]-4-fluorobenzonitrile butanedioic acid (1 : 1).

Formula la

U.S. Patent Nos. 7,795,428, 8,288,539, and 8,222,411 provide a process for the preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile by reacting 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene with copper (I) cyanide in N,N-dimethylformamide.

Chinese Patent No. CN 102964196 provides a process for the preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile by reacting 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzyl alcohol with cuprous iodide in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) in an anhydrous ethanol.

Copper (I) cyanide is toxic to humans, and therefore its use in the manufacture of a drug substance is not advisable. In addition, 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene is converted to 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile by refluxing in N,N-dimethylformamide at 152°C to 155°C for 24 hours. This leads to some charring, resulting in a tedious work-up process and low yield. Furthermore, the use of reagents like cuprous iodide, 2,2′-bipyridine, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine oxide (TEMPO) is hazardous and/or environmentally-unfriendly, and therefore their use in the manufacture of a drug substance is not desirable.

The present invention provides an efficient, simple, and commercially friendly process for the preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile, which is used as an intermediate for the preparation of trelagliptin or its salts. The present invention avoids the use of toxic and hazardous reagents, high boiling solvents, and bromo intermediates such as 2-bromo-5-fluorotoluene, which is lachrymatory in nature and thus difficult to handle at a commercial scale.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 : Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (1.38 g) was added to ethanol (10 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.76 g) and pyridine (1 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 3 hours. The solvent was recovered up to maximum extent from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 3.1 g

Example 2: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (5 g) was added to ethanol (37 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (10 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (3.6 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 2 hours. The solvent was recovered up to maximum extent from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 3.1 g

Example 3 : Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (10 g) was added to ethanol (40 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (20 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (7.5 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 4 hours. The solvent was recovered from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 11.0 g

Example 4: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (50 g) was added to ethanol (500 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (70 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (36 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 6 hours. The solvent was recovered from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 51.0 g

Example 5 : Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (20 g) was added to ethanol (200 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (20 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (18 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 4 hours. The solvent was recovered from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to obtain a residue. Deionized water (60 mL) was charged into the residue, and then the slurry was stirred at 0°C to 5°C for 1 hour. The solid obtained was filtered, then washed with deionized water (2 x 20 mL). The wet solid was dried in an air oven at 40°C to 45 °C for 4 hours to 5 hours. The crude product obtained was recrystallized in ethanol (50 mL) to afford the pure title compound. Yield: 21.0 g

Example 6: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime

4-Fluoro-2-methyl benzaldehyde (50 g) was added to ethanol (500 mL) to obtain a solution. To this solution, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (50 g) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (46.4 mL) were added, and then the mixture was stirred at 20°C to 25 °C for 4 hours. The solvent was recovered from the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to obtain a residue. Deionized water (150 mL) was charged to the residue, and then the slurry was stirred at 0°C to 5°C for 1 hour. The solid obtained was filtered, then washed with deionized water (2 x 50 mL). The wet solid was dried in an air oven at 40°C to 45 °C for 4 hours to 5 hours. The crude product obtained was recrystallized in ethanol (200 mL) to afford the pure title compound. Yield: 53.5 g

Example 7: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime (3.1 g) and phosphorous pentoxide (1 g) were added to toluene (30 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C to 30°C. Deionized water (30 mL) was added to the mixture and then the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 1.1 g

Example 8: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime (3 g) and phosphorous pentoxide (2 g) were added to toluene (30 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C to 30°C. Deionized water (30 mL) was added to the mixture and then the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 1.0 g

Example 9: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime (5 g) and concentrated sulphuric acid (2 mL) were added to toluene (100 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C for 5 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C to 30°C. Deionized water (50 mL) was added to the mixture and then the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 3.24 g

Example 10: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methylbenzaldoxime (25 g) and concentrated sulphuric acid (35 g) were added to toluene (500 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C to 30°C. Deionized water (250 mL) was added to the mixture and then the layers were separated. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 20.5 g

Example 11 : Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methyl benzaldoxime (5 g) and sodium bisulphate monohydrate (3.1 g) were added to toluene (50 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25°C to 30°C, then filtered, and then washed with toluene (10 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the title compound. Yield: 3.0 g

Example 12: Preparation of 4-fluoro-2-methylbenzonitrile

4-Fluoro-2-methyl benzaldoxime (50 g) and sodium bisulphate monohydrate (31.6 g) were added to toluene (500 mL) to obtain a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 110°C to 115°C using a Dean-Stark apparatus for 12 hours. After completion of the reaction (monitored by TLC), the reaction mixture was cooled to 25 °C to 30°C, then filtered, and then washed with toluene (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford a crude product. The crude product obtained was recrystallized in a mixture of toluene (200 mL) and hexane (500 mL) to afford the title compound.

Yield: 38.0 g

Sun Pharma managing director Dilip Shanghvi.

References

• 1 McKeage, Kate (2015-06-27). “Trelagliptin: First Global Approval”. Drugs 75 (10): 1161–1164. doi:10.1007/s40265-015-0431-9. ISSN 0012-6667.
• 2 Inagaki, Nobuya; Onouchi, Hitoshi; Sano, Hiroki; Funao, Nobuo; Kuroda, Shingo; Kaku, Kohei. “SYR-472, a novel once-weekly dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial”. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2 (2): 125–132. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70149-9.
• 3″New Drug Application Approval of Zafatek® Tablets for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Japan | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited”. http://www.takeda.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
• 4 Cahn, Avivit; Raz, Itamar (2013-06-01). “Emerging gliptins for type 2 diabetes”. Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs 18 (2): 245–258. doi:10.1517/14728214.2013.807796. ISSN 1472-8214. PMID 23725569.
• 5Inagaki, Nobuya; Onouchi, Hitoshi; Maezawa, Hideaki; Kuroda, Shingo; Kaku, Kohei. “Once-weekly trelagliptin versus daily alogliptin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3, non-inferiority study”. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 3 (3): 191–197. doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70251-7.
• 6″TRELAGLIPTIN SUCCINATE | C22H26FN5O6 – PubChem”. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
• 7″Trelagliptin succinate | C22H26FN5O6 | ChemSpider”. http://www.chemspider.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13.

http://www.cbijournal.com/paper-archive/may-june-2014-vol-3/Review-Paper-1.pdf

Trelagliptin

Systematic (IUPAC) name
Succinic acid – 2-({6-[(3R)-3-amino-1-piperidinyl]-3-methyl-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl}methyl)-4-fluorobenzonitrile (1:1)
Clinical data
Trade names	Zafatek
Chemical data
Formula	C22H26FN5O6
Molar mass	475.470143 g/mol

/////////Trelagliptin, PMDA, JAPAN 2015

Cn1c(=O)cc(n(c1=O)Cc2cc(ccc2C#N)F)N3CCC[C@H](C3)N

1-(5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-N-methylmethanamine fumarate

Vonoprazan (Takecab(®)) is an orally bioavailable potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) being developed by Takeda for the treatment and prevention of acid-related diseases. The drug is approved in Japan for the treatment of acid-related diseases, including erosive oesophagitis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, peptic ulcer, gastro-oesophageal reflux, reflux oesophagitis and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Phase III development is underway for the prevention of recurrence of duodenal and gastric ulcer in patients receiving aspirin or NSAID therapy. Phase I development was conducted in the UK for gastro-oesophageal reflux; however, no further development has been reported. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of vonoprazan leading to this first approval for acid-related diseases.

Vonoprazan Fumarate was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on December 26, 2014. It was co-developed and marketed as Takecab^® by Takeda & Otsuka.
Vonoprazan has a novel mechanism of action called potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs) which competitively inhibits the binding the potassium ions to H⁺, K⁺-ATPase (also known as the proton pump) in the final step of gastric acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. Vonoprazan provides a strong and sustained acid section inhibitory effect. It is indicated for the treatment of gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reflux esophagitis.
Cometriq^® is available as tablet for oral use, containing 10 or 20 mg of free Vonoprazan, and the recommended dose is 20 mg orally once daily for adluts.

Vonoprazan fumarate (Takecab(®)) is a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker that has been available in the market in Japan since February 2015. Vonoprazan is administered orally at 20 mg once daily for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer, at 20 and 10 mg once daily for the treatment and secondary prevention of reflux esophagitis, respectively, at 10 mg once daily for the secondary prevention of low-dose aspirin- or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced peptic ulcer, and at 20 mg twice daily in combination with clarithromycin and amoxicillin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. It inhibits H(+),K(+)-ATPase activities in a reversible and potassium-competitive manner with a potency of inhibition approximately 350 times higher than the proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole. Vonoprazan is absorbed rapidly and reaches maximum plasma concentration at 1.5-2.0 h after oral administration. Food has minimal effect on its intestinal absorption. Oral bioavailability in humans remains unknown. The plasma protein binding of vonoprazan is 80 % in healthy subjects. It distributes extensively into tissues with a mean apparent volume of distribution of 1050 L. Being a base with pKa of 9.6 and with acid-resistant properties, vonoprazan is highly concentrated in the acidic canaliculi of the gastric parietal cells and elicited an acid suppression effect for longer than 24 h after the administration of 20 mg. The mean apparent terminal half-life of the drug is approximately 7.7 h in healthy adults. Vonoprazan is metabolized to inactive metabolites mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and to some extent by CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and SULT2A1. A mass balance study showed that 59 and 8 % of the orally administered radioactivity was recovered in urine as metabolites and in an unchanged form, respectively, indicating extensive metabolism. Genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 may influence drug exposure but only to a clinically insignificant extent (15-29 %), according to the population pharmacokinetic study performed in Japanese patients. When vonoprazan was co-administered with clarithromycin, the mean AUC from time 0 to time of the next dose (dosing interval) of vonoprazan and clarithromycin were increased by 1.8 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared with the corresponding control values, indicating mutual metabolic inhibition. The mean area under the curve from time zero to infinity obtained from patients with severe liver and renal dysfunction were elevated by 2.6 and 2.4 times, respectively, compared with healthy subjects, with no significant changes in plasma protein binding. Vonoprazan increases intragastric pH above 4.0 as early as 4 h after an oral dose of 20 mg, and the extensive anti-secretory effect is maintained up to 24 h post-dose. During repeated dosing of 20 mg once daily, the 24-h intragastric pH >4 holding time ratios were 63 and 83 % on days 1 and 7, respectively. Because vonoprazan elicited a more extensive gastric acid suppression than the proton pump inhibitor, lansoprazole, it also gave rise to two to three times greater serum gastrin concentrations as compared with lansoprazole. In pre-approval clinical studies for the treatment of acid-related disorders, mild to moderate adverse drug reactions (mostly constipation or diarrhea) occurred at frequencies of 8-17 %. Neither severe liver toxicity nor neuroendocrine tumor has been reported in patients receiving vonoprazan.

Vonoprazan fumarate is a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker. It was approved in the Japanese market in February, 2015.^[1]

Vonoprazan can be used for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis, and for some drug-induced peptic ulcers. It can be combined with other antibiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.^[2]

PATENT

CN102421753B

Route 1

Reference：1. WO2006036024A1 / US8048909B2.

2. WO2007026916A1 / US7498337B2.

3. CN104327051A.

1- [5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrol-3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine fumarate Takeda single An R & D for the gastric acid secretion inhibitors (codename: TAK-438, generic name: vonoprazan fumarate), the drug belongs to the potassium ion (K +) competitive acid blocker (P-CAB) for a new inhibitors, with a strong, long-lasting inhibition of gastric acid secretion, while the gastric parietal cells in the final stage of gastric acid secretion by inhibiting K + for H +, K + -ATP enzyme (proton pump) binding effect on gastric acid secretion also advance termination action.

Its molecular formula is: C17H16FN3O2S · C4H4O4, MW: 461.46, the chemical structure of formula I as shown.

 

CN101300229A discloses 1- [5- (2_-fluorophenyl) -1- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -1Η- pyrrol -3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine fumarate alone, but not related to its crystalline form.

The present invention discloses a I- [5- (2- fluorophenyl) -I- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrol-3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine single rich fumarate A method for preparing a crystalline form. 1- [5- (2_-fluorophenyl) -1- (Batch-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrol-3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine fumarate single crystalline form A, according to prepared by the following routes:

Example 1

  A method of preparing polymorph having pyrrole derivatives maleate described in detail below.

Step I: 5- (2- fluorophenyl) -1- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde Synthesis of

Compound II (260mg) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (50ml) was added 60% NaH, the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. Was added 15-crown–5 (I. 5g), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour and then pyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride was added, stirred at room temperature for 2 hours until complete reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography, and then was added to the reaction system 20mL saturated brine with ethyl acetate (IOOmLX2) and the combined organic phase was washed with saturated brine 50ml organic phase, an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude compound IV (200mg) administered directly in the next reaction.

Synthesis 1_ [5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1- (piperidin-3-sulfonyl batch) -IH- pyrrol-3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine of: Step 2

The brown residue obtained in the previous step IV compound (200mg) was dissolved in 30mL methanol was added 27% -33% methyl amine solution, the reaction was stirred for 1.5 hours. Sodium borohydride (68mg), the reaction was stirred for 20 minutes, was added lmol / LHCl to an acidic aqueous solution, and stirred until complete reaction was followed by thin layer chromatography. To the reaction mixture was added saturated sodium bicarbonate solution until weakly basic system was extracted with ethyl acetate (IOOmLX2), the combined organic phases with saturated brine (50mL), dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give the crude product ( 208mg, yellow oil). Yield: 100%.

  Step 3: 1_ [5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrol-3-yl] -N- methylmethanamine fumarate single synthesis

Compound V obtained in the previous step was dissolved in 20mL of ethyl acetate, taking the mass fraction of equivalents of fumaric acid was dissolved in 2ml of methanol. Added dropwise with stirring to a solution of compound V in ethyl acetate, stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature. Then warmed to 55-65 degrees reflux one hour, cooled to room temperature and filtered to give an off-white solid was washed with cold ethyl acetate IOml and dried in vacuo to give 170mg of crystalline Compound I, about 20% overall yield. X- ray diffraction spectrum of the crystalline sample is shown in Figure 1. DSC spectrum shown in Figure 2, this polymorph is defined as A crystalline form.

Route 2

Reference：1. CN105085484A.

http://www.google.com/patents/CN105085484A?cl=en

Fumaric Wonuo La Like (TAK-438, Vonoprazan fumarate) is Takeda Pharmaceuticals and Otsuka Pharmaceutical to launch a new type of oral anti-acid drugs. As a potassium ion (K +) competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), Wonuo La Like gastric acid secretion in the gastric parietal cells play a role in the final step, by inhibiting K + for H +, K + -ATP enzyme (proton chestnut) combine to inhibit gastric acid secretion and early termination. Compared to the current power of the proton chestnut inhibitors (PPIs), due to the absence of praise Wonuo La CYP2C19 metabolism, so the performance in clinical trials showing good effect: the treatment of gastric ulcer / duodenal ulcer, reflux esophagitis eradication of H. pylori and other effects are better than lansoprazole, while having a similar security.

  fumarate Wonuo La Like chemical name: I- [5_ (2_ gas) -1- (pyridin _3_ cross-acyl group) -IH- P ratio slightly 3-yl] – N- methylmethanamine fumarate, structured as follows:

  Preparation of fumaric Wonuo La Like synthetic route mainly follows:

  Takeda patent CN200680040789 original study discloses a 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -lH- pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde as a starting material, the solvent is tetrahydrofuran, sodium hydride doing acid binding agent, crown ethers do a phase transfer catalyst, with 3-pyridine sulfonyl chloride to give the intermediate 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1- (pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH- pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde, then to form a Schiff base with methylamine boron sodium hydride reduction to give Wonuo La Like the free base and then fumaric acid salt formation, generate fumaric Wonuo La Chan, the reaction equation is as follows:

  Takeda company disclosed in 2010 it 0 01,080,018,114 in improved synthetic route: Intermediate 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -I- (pyridine-3-ylsulfonyl) -IH–3 formaldehyde synthesis, instead of acetonitrile as solvent, DIEA do acid-binding agent, DMAP as catalyst, but side reactions, tedious post-processing operation, the lower the yield, the overall yield of less than 40%.

CN201080018114 improved synthetic route to 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -IH- pyrrole-3-carbonitrile as a starting material of the synthesis route, but this route is converted to the cyano aldehyde used Raney catalytic hydrogenation, industrial scale there is a big security risk, its reaction equation is as follows:

  Y. Arikawa et J. Med Chem 2012, 55, 4446-4456 reported the following synthetic route.:

In phenyl pyrrole-3-carbaldehyde and methylamine alcohol imine by metal borohydride reduction, to give further protection to give Boc ((5-phenyl -IH- pyrrol-3-yl) -N -) methyl carbamate; the above product with an arylsulfonyl chloride, and then de-Boc protection to give 1- (5-phenyl-1 aromatic sulfonyl -IH- pyrrol-3-yl) – N- methyl methylamine;

Y. Arikawa et al reported that the above process step is prolonged, the probability g [J reacting a corresponding increase in the above reaction scheme conditional optimization, control side reactions is one of the present invention is to solve the problem. On the other hand the above literature after the synthesis process used in chromatography, is not conducive to fumaric Wonuo La Like industrial production. Therefore, the development of fumaric acid Wonuo La Like New synthesis process, simplify the synthesis operations, reduce costs, improve productivity, it has important implications for fumaric Wonuo La Like this one which attract anti-acid drugs.

PAPER

J. Med Chem 2012, 55, 4446-4456

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jm300318t

Discovery of a Novel Pyrrole Derivative 1-[5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine Fumarate (TAK-438) as a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB)

In our pursuit of developing a novel and potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), we synthesized pyrrole derivatives focusing on compounds with low log D and high ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) values. Among the compounds synthesized, the compound 13e exhibited potent H⁺,K⁺-ATPase inhibitory activity and potent gastric acid secretion inhibitory action in vivo. Its maximum efficacy was more potent and its duration of action was much longer than those of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Therefore, compound 13e (1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine fumarate, TAK-438) was selected as a drug candidate for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer, and other acid-related diseases.

SYNTHESIS

References

References

1: Arikawa Y, Nishida H, Kurasawa O, Hasuoka A, Hirase K, Inatomi N, Hori Y, Matsukawa J, Imanishi A, Kondo M, Tarui N, Hamada T, Takagi T, Takeuchi T, Kajino M. Discovery of a novel pyrrole derivative 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamin e fumarate (TAK-438) as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). J Med Chem. 2012 May 10;55(9):4446-56. doi: 10.1021/jm300318t. Epub 2012 Apr 30. PubMed PMID: 22512618.

2: Kondo M, Kawamoto M, Hasuoka A, Kajino M, Inatomi N, Tarui N. High-throughput screening of potassium-competitive acid blockers. J Biomol Screen. 2012 Feb;17(2):177-82. doi: 10.1177/1087057111421004. Epub 2011 Sep 22. PubMed PMID: 21940711.

3: Shin JM, Inatomi N, Munson K, Strugatsky D, Tokhtaeva E, Vagin O, Sachs G. Characterization of a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker of the gastric H,K-ATPase, 1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamin e monofumarate (TAK-438). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Nov;339(2):412-20. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.185314. Epub 2011 Aug 9. PubMed PMID: 21828261; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3199995.

4: Hori Y, Matsukawa J, Takeuchi T, Nishida H, Kajino M, Inatomi N. A study comparing the antisecretory effect of TAK-438, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, with lansoprazole in animals. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2011 Jun;337(3):797-804. doi: 10.1124/jpet.111.179556. Epub 2011 Mar 16. PubMed PMID: 21411494.

5: Matsukawa J, Hori Y, Nishida H, Kajino M, Inatomi N. A comparative study on the modes of action of TAK-438, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, and lansoprazole in primary cultured rabbit gastric glands. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 May 1;81(9):1145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.02.009. Epub 2011 Mar 1. PubMed PMID: 21371447.

6: Hori Y, Imanishi A, Matsukawa J, Tsukimi Y, Nishida H, Arikawa Y, Hirase K, Kajino M, Inatomi N. 1-[5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamin e monofumarate (TAK-438), a novel and potent potassium-competitive acid blocker for the treatment of acid-related diseases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2010 Oct;335(1):231-8. doi: 10.1124/jpet.110.170274. Epub 2010 Jul 12. PubMed PMID: 20624992.

• 1 “Vonoprazan: first global approval. – PubMed – NCBI”. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2016-03-30.
• 2

“The First-in-Class Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, Vonoprazan Fumarate: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations. – PubMed – NCBI”. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2016-03-30.

/////

• Originator Kowa Pharmaceutical
• Class Antihyperlipidaemics
• Mechanism of Action Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha agonists

• Preregistration Dyslipidaemias

Most Recent Events

• 01 Feb 2016 Kowa Research Institute completes a phase I drug-interaction trial in Healthy volunteers in USA (PO) (NCT02719431)
• 12 Jan 2016 Kowa Research Institute plans the phase III PROMINENT trial for Dyslipidaemia (In patients with diabetes mellitus) in countries worldwide
• 01 Jan 2016 Kowa Research Institute initiates a phase I drug-interaction trial in Healthy volunteers in USA (PO) (NCT02719431)

Pemafibrate, also known as K-877 and (R)-K 13675, is a PPAR alpha agonist. (R)-K-13675 decreases the secretion of inflammatory markers without affecting cell proliferation or tube formation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) is a key regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism and has been implicated in inflammation. (R)-K-13675 was associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses without affecting cell proliferation or angiogenesis, and subsequently may induce an anti-atherosclerotic effect.

Pemafibrate had been filed NDA by Kowa for the treatment of dyslipidemia in the Japan in 2015.

Pemafibrate is in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of dyslipidemia in the US and EU.

Route 1

Reference：1. US2009023944A1.

Route 2

Reference：1. US2009076280A1.

http://www.google.com/patents/US20090076280

Example 5 Synthesis of (R)-2-{3-[N-(benzoxazole-2-yl)-N-(3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)aminomethyl]phenyloxy}butyric acid (Compound (6))

• Ethyl (R)-2-{3-[N-(benzoxazole-2-yl)-N-(3-(4-methoxyphenoxy)propyl)aminomethyl]phenyloxy}butylate (26.0 g) was dissolved in ethanol (200 mL), and 1.5N NaOH (50 mL) was added to the solution, followed by stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction mixture was washed with diethyl ether, and the formed aqueous layer was acidified with 4N HCl under ice cooling. The thus-treated aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extract was washed sequentially with water and saturated brine. The washed extract was dried over sodium sulfate anhydrate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified through silica gel column chromatography (chloroform/methanol=10/1), to thereby yield the target product (21.3 g, 87%, 98% ee).

Optical Purity:

• Measurement conditions: HPLC
• Column: CHIRALPAK AD
• Solvent: n-hexane/IPA/TFA=100/30/0.1
• Flow rate: 2 mL/min
• Retention time: 4.19 min (S-form; 3.68 min)
• ¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ ppm: 0.94 (t, J=7 Hz, 3H), 1.81 (m, 2H), 1.99 (quintet, J=6 Hz, 2H), 3.60 (t, J=7 Hz, 2H), 3.61 (s, 3H), 3.85 (t, J=6 Hz, 2H), 4.40 (t, J=6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (s, 2H), 6.69-6.80 (m, 7H), 6.91 (dt, J=7, 1 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dt, J=7, 1 Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.18 (m, 4H).

Route 3

Reference：1. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2007, 17, 4689-4693.

 

Landmark Trial Entitled “PROMINENT” To Explore The Prevention Of Heart Disease In Diabetic Patients With High Triglycerides And Low HDL-C

Trial will evaluate if lowering triglycerides and increasing functional HDL with Kowa’s potent selective peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha) modulator, K-877 (pemafibrate) can reduce the elevated risk of cardiovascular disease in high-risk diabetic patients who are already taking statins

Jan 12, 2016, 09:00 ET from Kowa Research Institute, Inc.

///////Pemafibrate, NDA,  Kowa, dyslipidemia,  Japan, 2015, phase II clinical trials,  US and EU, K-877, K-13675, (R)-

CC[C@H](C(=O)O)Oc1cccc(c1)CN(CCCOc2ccc(cc2)OC)c3nc4ccccc4o3

CC[C@@H](OC1=CC=CC(CN(C2=NC3=CC=CC=C3O2)CCCOC4=CC=C(OC)C=C4)=C1)C(O)=O

Imidafenacin

イミダフェナシン

Cas 170105-16-5

C₂₀H₂₁N₃O, 319.408

APPROVED JAPAN 2015-07-29

イミダフェナシン
Imidafenacin

C₂₀H₂₁N₃O : 319.4
[170105-16-5]

Imidafenacin (INN) is a urinary antispasmodic of the anticholinergic class. It’s molecular weight is 319.40 g/mol

Kyorin and Ono have developed and launched imidafenacin, an oral M1 and M3 muscarinic receptor antagonist. Family members of the product case, WO9515951, expire in the US in 2019

Imidafenacin was approved by Pharmaceuticals Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Apr 18, 2007. It was marketed as Uritos^® by Kyorin, and marketed as Staybla^® by Ono.

Imidafenacin is a potent M1 and M3-subtype antagonist indicated for the treatment of urinary urgency, frequent urination and urgency urinary incontinence due to overactive bladder.

Uritos^® is available as tablet for oral use, containing 0.1 mg of free Imidafenacin. The recommended dose is 0.1 mg twice daily, and it can be increased to 0.2 mg twice daily, if the efficacy was not enough.

Uritos^® / Staybla^®

MOA：Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist

Indication：Urinary incontinence; Urinary urgency and frequency

PAPER

WO-2016142173

Imidafenacin, the compound of formula (I), is an antimuscarinic agent marketed in Japan under the brand name Uritos® used to treat overactive bladder, a disease defined by the presence of urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia, with or without urge incontinence. Overactive bladder dysfunction has a considerable impact on patient quality of life, although it does not affect survival.

(I)

Synthesis of 4-(2-methyl-1 -imidazolyl)-2,2-diphenylbutanamide is first disclosed in Japanese patent JP3294961 B2 as shown in Scheme 1 . 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile (II) is reacted with three equivalents of 2-methylimidazol, in dimethylformamide and in the presence of triethylamine as a base, to afford 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile, compound of formula (III), which is purified by column chromatography and, further, converted into its hydrochloride salt and recrystallized. Then, compound (III) is hydrolyzed with an excess of 70% sulfuric acid at 140-150 °C, followed by basification and recrystallization to provide imidafenacin (I), in an overall yield of only 25% (as calculated by data provided in docume

(III) (I)

Scheme 1

This route of document JP3294961 B2 implies several drawbacks. Firstly, purification of intermediate (III) is carried out by means of chromatographic methods, which are generally expensive, environmentally unfriendly and time consuming. Secondly, the hydrolysis of the nitrile group is carried out under strong acidic conditions and high temperature not convenient for industrial application.

Japanese document JP2003-201281 discloses a process for preparing imidafenacin as shown in Scheme 2. 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile (II) is reacted, with five equivalents of 2-methylimidazol, which acts also as a base, in dimethylsufoxide to provide intermediate (III), which after an isolation step is further reacted with phosphoric acid in ethanol to provide the phosphate salt of 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile. Hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide, followed by purification with a synthetic adsorbent provides imidafenacin (I) in a moderate overall yield

(II) (I)

Scheme 2

The use of a synthetic adsorbent is associated with problems with operativities and purification efficiencies from the viewpoint of industrial production, therefore, the process disclosed in document JP2003-201281 is not suitable for industrial application.

EP1845091 A1 discloses a process for preparing imidafenacin, according to previous document JP2003-201281 , however the purification step is carried out by either preparing the hydrochloride or the phosphate salt of imidafenacin followed by neutralization as shown in Scheme 3. Purified imidafenacin is provided in low yield, overall yield of about 31 % (as calculated by data provided in document EP1845091 A1 ). This process has several disadvantages. Firstly, EP1845091 A1 states that the penultimate intermediate, the 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile phosphate is hygroscopic, which implies handling problems. Secondly, the additional steps carried out for purification increases the cost of the final imidafenacin process and the pharmaceutical compositions containing it, which already resulted in expensive medications.

(II) (I)

HCI or

H3PO4

purified (I) HCI or Ή3ΡΟ4

Scheme 3

The intermediate phosphate salt of 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile obtained and used in prior art processes is a solid form having needle-shaped crystals, which are difficult to filtrate. Moreover, said needle-shaped crystals are very hygroscopic and unstable and transform over time to other solid forms. In addition, the water absorbed by this solid form described in the prior art may react with the intermediate to generate further impurities.

Therefore, there is still a need to develop an improved industrially feasible process for the manufacture of imidafenacin in good purity and good yield, involving the use of stable intermediates having also improved handling characteristics.

Example 1 :

Preparation of 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile phosphate in solid Form I

4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile (II, 1.000 Kg, 3.33 mol) and 2-methylimidazol (1 .368 Kg, 16.66 mol) were heated in DMSO (0.8 L) at 100-105 °C for 7 hours. The solution was then cooled to 20-25 °C and toluene (2 L) and water (4 L) were added and stirred for 30 minutes. After phase separation, the aqueous layer was extracted with toluene (1 L). Organic layers were combined and washed twice with water (2 x 1 L). Distillation of toluene provided 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1-yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile as a brown oil (0.915 Kg), which was, then, dissolved in dry acetone (3 L) and water (0.1 L), heated to 40-45°C and seeded with 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile phosphate. A solution of orthophosphoric acid (0.391 Kg, 3.39 mol) in acetone (2 L) was then added dropwise, maintaining temperature at 40-45 °C. Once the addition was finished, the reaction mixture was maintained 1 hour at 40-45 °C, cooled to 20-25 °C and stirred for 1 hour. The solid was filtered, washed with acetone (1 L), suspended in 2-propanol (10 L), heated at 80 °C and 2 L of solvent were distilled. The obtained suspension was then seeded with 4-(2-methyl-1 H-imidazol-1 -yl)-2,2-diphenylbutanenitrile phosphate solid Form I and maintained at 80 °C for 5 hours. The suspension was cooled down to 20-25°C, filtered off, washed with 2-propanol (1 L) and, finally, dried (45 °C, 0.5 torr, 12 hours).

Yield: 0.967 Kg (73%)

HPLC: 99.5 %

KF: 0.2 %

Optical microscopy: plate-shaped crystal habit as substantially in accordance to Figure 2.

PSD: D90 of 105 m

PXRD: Crystalline solid form as substantially in accordance to Figure 3.

DSC (10 °C/min): Endothermic peak with onset at 177 °C (-1 18 J/g), as substantially in accordance to Figure 4.

TGA (10 °C/min): Decomposition starting at 180 °C.

DVS: No significant weight gain up to 90% of relative humidity. At this humidity, a total increase of only 0.45% in weight was observed.

SCXRD: Crystal structure substantially in accordance to Figure 5. There are not water or solvent molecules in the crystal structure.

PATENT

https://www.google.com/patents/CN103351344A?cl=en

Overactive Bladder (symptomatic overactive bladder, 0AB) is a common chronic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Its incidence, United States and Europe over 75 year-old male incidence up to 42%, slightly lower incidence of women 31%; the incidence of domestic in Beijing 50 years of age for men was 16.4% for women over the age of 18 mixed The overall incidence of urinary incontinence and urge incontinence was 40.4 percent, seriously affecting the physical and mental health of the patient, reduced quality of life. Common antimuscarinic drugs in vivo and in vivo M receptor in some or all of binding with different affinities to improve the symptoms of OAB, but will also cause many side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, cognitive impairment , tachycardia, blurred vision and so on. Imidafenacin have diphenylbutanoic amide structure, is a new high anticholinergic drugs, which selectively acts on the M3 and Ml receptors, blocking the contraction of the detrusor choline, so detrusor relaxation, reduce side effects of drugs. Meanwhile imidafenacin inhibit smooth muscle of the bladder and inhibiting acetylcholine free dual role, and selectivity for the bladder stronger than the salivary glands.

imidafenacin is a new diphenylbutanoic amides from Japan Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly developed with Kyorin Pharmaceutical anticholinergics, structure (I) as follows:

The goods listed in June 2007 in Japan under the trade name: STAYBLA, chemical name: 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) _2,2- diphenylbutyric amide.

At present the preparation imidafenacin few reports, can be summed up as the following ways:

China Patent CN10699098 reported to bromoethyl diphenyl acetonitrile and 2-methylimidazole as a raw material, at 150 ° C condition, after the reaction DMF / triethylamine system, sulfuric acid hydrolysis reuse imidafenacin. The reaction equation is as follows:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This two-step method was 24% overall yield is too low, and the second step of the reaction is difficult to control. And the reaction product was purified by column chromatography required to obtain a purified product, is not conducive to industrial production.

Chinese patent CN101362721A referred to as the hydrolysis conditions for the preparation of sulfuric acid and organic acid mixed use imidafenacin yield have mentioned the smell.

 Although this method increases the yield, but still more by-product of the reaction, the product is not easy purification.

 Japanese Patent No. JP2005 / 023216 proposes hydrolysis under alkaline environment, and the use of products and solutions of salts hydrochloride salt and then purified product.

This method improves the yield of the second step of the hydrolysis reaction and simplified purification methods. But the need to use this method to purify salt activated carbon, and filtration devices require more stringent; and a need to be re-crystallized salt solution salt after the operation, a total of four steps of unit operations. Process more cumbersome and more stringent requirements for equipment, it is not conducive to industrial scale production. In addition, the product is dried for a long time, still remaining after solvent treatment product obtained, the purity of the product is still low.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

 The following typical examples are intended to illustrate the present invention, simple replacement of skill in the art of the present invention or improvement made in all part of the present invention within the protection of technical solutions.

Example 1

4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butanamide hydrobromide. The 16.5 g (52 mmol) 4- (2- methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butyramide crude into 100 mL of isopropanol, stirring was added 8.0 mL hydrobromic acid and isopropyl alcohol mixed solution (volume ratio of 1: 1), the solid gradually dissolved, was nearly colorless and transparent liquid. After maintaining the reaction mixture was stirred for half an hour, the reaction mixture was added to 100 mL of ethyl acetate, stirred for I hour at room temperature, solid precipitated. Filtration, and the cake was rinsed with an appropriate amount of ethyl acetate. The solid was collected, 40 ° C drying oven and dried to constant weight to give 19.5 g white 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butyramide hydrobromide, yield 98.9%. ?] \ 1 .228.4-229.00C0MS (m / z): 320 [M + 1] +. 1H-NMR (DMS0-1 / 6, 400 MHz) δ: 2.25 (3H, s), 2.73-2.74 (2H, m), 3.68-3.91 (2H, m), 6.81 (1H, s), 7.28-7.35 (I OH, m), 7.39 (1H, s), 7.49 (1H, d, /=2.4 Hz), 7.55 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 14.39 (1¾ br s).

Example 2

4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butyramide. -2,2-Diphenyl butyric acid amide acetate was dissolved in 900 mL of water to 19.5 g (0.051mmol) obtained in Example 1 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) embodiment. Extracted with 900mL diethyl ether solution, collecting the inorganic layer. Was added to an aqueous solution of 200 mL of ethanol, was added to the system with stirring in an aqueous solution of KOH 2mol / L, there is a solid precipitated. The reaction was stirred I h after filtration. Cake was washed with 40% ethanol solution rinse, rinsed with water several times. Collect the cake, put 40 ° C drying oven dried to constant weight to give 14.8 g white 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl methylbutanamide, yield 91.0% (total yield 90% two steps). Μ.p.192.3-193.00C (CN101076521A 191-193O). MS (m / z): 320 [M + l] +. 1H-NMR (DMSO-J6, 400MHz) δ: 2.11 (3Η, s), 2.69-2.73 (2H, m), 3.61-3.65 (2H, m), 6.75 (1H, d, J = L OMHz), 7.01 (1H, br s), 7.04 (1H, d, J = L 0 MHz), 7.34-7.49 (11H, m).

Example 3

4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butyramide. The 14.5 g (0.045mmol) obtained in Example 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2-diphenyl butanamide 2 was added 116 mL of ethyl acetate was slowly heated to reflux reflux for 30 min, cooled to room temperature for crystallization 5 h. Suction filtered, the filter cake was rinsed with a small amount of ethanol, collected cake was put 40 ° C drying oven and dried to constant weight to give 13.4 g white 4- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl) -2,2- diphenyl methylbutanamide refined products, yield 92.4% (three-step total yield 83.1%). Mp192.5-193 (TC (CN101076521A 191_193 ° C) .MS (m / z):.. 320 [M + 1] + 1H-NMR (DMSO-J6, 400 MHz) δ

2.11 (3H, 7.01 (1H,

s), 2.69-2.73 (2H, br s), 7.04 (1H, d,

m), 3.61-3.65 (2H, m), 6.75 (1H, J = L 0 MHz), 7.34-7.49 (11H, m).

PATENT

CN103772286A.

imidafenacin (Imidafenacin) is a new diphenylbutanoic amides from Japan Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. jointly developed with Kyorin Pharmaceutical anticholinergic drugs, bladder is highly selective for the treatment of overactive bladder, in 2007 in June in Japan. Its chemical name is 4- (2-methyl -1H- imidazol-1-yl) -2,2-diphenyl butyramide chemical structure shown by the following formula I:

Reported in U.S. Patent No. US5932607 imidafenacin preparation method, the method is based on 4-bromo-2 ‘2 ~ phenyl butyronitrile, 2-methylimidazole, triethylamine as raw materials, with DMF as a solvent at 150 ° C reaction 30h, to give the intermediate 4- (2-methyl-imidazol-1-yl) -2,2-diphenyl-butyronitrile, 77% yield, then body 140 ~ 150 ° C with 70% sulfuric acid The resulting intermediate hydrolyzed to the amide, after completion of the reaction required excess soda and sulfuric acid, the reaction is as follows:

Which preclude the use of the dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis, although succeeded in getting the product, but the yield is very low, only 32%, greatly increasing the production cost, mainly due to 70% sulfuric acid, the reaction is difficult to control amide phase, the product will continue to acid hydrolysis byproducts, resulting in decreased yield.

 European Patent No. EP1845091 reports imidafenacin Another preparation method, the method using potassium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol 4- (2-methyl-imidazol-1-yl) diphenyl _2,2- Hydrolysis of nitrile to amide phosphates, and the crude product was converted to the hydrochloride or phosphate, and recrystallized to remove impurities and then basified imidafenacin obtained, which reaction is as follows:

This method uses a lot of bases, product purification is too much trouble, and the total yield of 45%.

 Chinese Patent Publication No. CN102746235 also disclosed imidafenacin preparation method of 4- (2-methyl-1-yl) -2,2-diphenyl phosphate or nitrile salt in methanol / ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the presence of a base, with hydrogen peroxide in 40 ~ 60 ° C under through improved Radziszewski the target compound, the reaction is as follows:

The method used in the hydrogen peroxide solution, but a solution of hydrogen peroxide has strong oxidizing, and has a certain corrosive, inhalation of the vapor or mist respiratory irritation strong, direct eye contact with the liquid may cause irreversible damage and even blindness, security It is not high on the human body and environmentally unfriendly. Alkaline environment, easily decomposed hydrogen peroxide, as the temperature increases, the decomposition reaction increased, and therefore reaction requires a large excess of hydrogen peroxide solution.

The method comprises the steps of: (1) 4-Bromo-2,2-diphenyl-butyronitrile is hydrolyzed to the amide under basic conditions; (2) The obtained 4-bromo-2,2-diphenylbutyric amide is reacted with 2-methylimidazole to give the desired product.

Example 1

2L reaction flask was added 400mL of dry tetrahydrofuran, under a nitrogen atmosphere was added 60% sodium hydride (82.8g, 2.06mol), stirred to obtain a gray turbid solution A. With 400mL dry tetrahydrofuran was sufficiently dissolved diphenyl acetonitrile (200g, 1.04mol), I, 2- dibromoethane (204.2g, 1.08mol), to give a colorless clear liquid B; 5 ~ 15 ° C, a solution of turbid solution B dropwise to solution A, 10 ~ 15 ° C the reaction was incubated 6h, TLC until the reaction was complete, to the reaction system a small amount of water was added dropwise until no bubbles. After addition of 800mL water, 400mL ethyl acetate and stirred, liquid separation, the organic layer was washed with water, saturated sodium chloride solution, respectively, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, suction filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to give a yellow liquid 310g.

[0018] The resulting yellow liquid with 800mL 90% ethanol and stirred to dissolve at 40 ° C, then cooling and crystallization, filtration, 45 ° C and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white solid 232.8g, 75% yield.

Preparation of bromo-2,2-diphenyl 4_ butanamide: [0019] Example 2

3L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2,2-diphenyl-butyronitrile (15 (^, 0.511101), 7501 ^ 6mol / L KOH solution, 750mL dimethylsulfoxide and heated to 100 ~ 120 ° C under stirring The reaction, the reaction lh, until the reaction was complete by TLC after cooling to 40 V, add 2000mL water, 2000mL of methylene chloride was stirred, liquid separation, the organic layer was washed with water, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride solution, separated, dried over anhydrous The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtration, concentrated under reduced pressure to give brown oily liquid 161.92g, 96% yield.

Preparation of bromo-2,2-diphenyl 4_ butanamide: [0020] Example 3

3L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2,2-diphenyl-butyronitrile (150g, 0.5mol), 666mL 6mol / L NaOH solution, 750mL dimethylsulfoxide, the reaction mixture was stirred and heated to 100 ~ 120 ° C under The reaction lh, until the reaction was complete by TLC after cooling to 40 ° C, add water 2000mL, 2000mL of methylene chloride was stirred, liquid separation, the organic layer was washed with water, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride solution, separated, dried over anhydrous sulfate sodium organic layer was dried, filtration, concentrated under reduced pressure to give brown oily liquid 146.73g, 87% yield.

Preparation of bromo-2,2-diphenyl 4_ butanamide: [0021] Example 4

The reaction was stirred 3L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2,2-diphenyl-butyronitrile (15 (^, 0.511101), 8331 ^ 36% Na2CO3 solution, 750mL dimethylsulfoxide and heated to 100 ~ 120 ° C under The reaction lh, until the reaction was complete by TLC after cooling to 40 ° C, add water 2000mL, 2000mL of methylene chloride was stirred, liquid separation, the organic layer was washed with water, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride solution, separated, dried over anhydrous The organic layer was dried over sodium sulphate, filtration, concentrated under reduced pressure to give brown oily liquid 153.48g, yield 91%.

`[0022] Example 5: 4- (2-methyl-imidazol _1_ -1H- yl) butyramide _2,2_ diphenyl (imidafenacin) Preparation 5L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2 2-diphenyl butyric amide (160g, L 5mol), 2- methyl imidazole (123g,

1.5mol), triethylamine (50.6g, 0.5mol), potassium iodide (5g, 0.03mol), fully dissolved with 1000mL DMF solution was heated to 120 ° C at a reaction 5h, until completion of the reaction by TLC, heating was stopped, to be After cooling, water was added 3000mL system stirred 0.5h, filtration, washed with water until the filtrate is neutral, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to give a brown solid 146.14g, a yield of 91%.

[0023] Example 6: 4- (2-methyl-imidazol _1_ -1H- yl) butyramide _2,2_ diphenyl (imidafenacin) Preparation 5L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2, 2- diphenyl butyramide (160g, 0.5mol), 2- methyl imidazole (82.1g,

1.011101), triethylamine (50.68,0.5mol), potassium iodide (5g, 0.03mol), fully dissolved with 1000mL DMF solution was heated to 120 ° C at a reaction 5h, until completion of the reaction by TLC, heating was stopped, the system was cooled until After adding 3000mL water, stirring 0.5h, filtration, washed with water until the filtrate is neutral, concentrated under reduced pressure and dried to give a brown solid 120.45g, 80% yield.

[0024] Example 7: 4- (2-methyl-imidazol _1_ -1H- yl) butyramide _2,2_ diphenyl (imidafenacin) Preparation 5L reaction flask was added 4-bromo-2, 2- diphenyl butyramide (160g, 0.5mol), 2_ methylimidazole (164.2g,

2.011101), triethylamine (50.68,0.5mol), potassium iodide (5g, 0.03mol), fully dissolved with 1000mL DMF solution was heated to 120 ° C at a reaction 5h, until completion of the reaction by TLC, heating was stopped, the system was cooled until After adding water, stirring 3000mL

0.5h, suction filtered, washed with water until the filtrate was neutral, and concentrated under reduced pressure, and dried to give a brown solid 141.33g, yield 88%.

[0025] Example 8: 4- (2-methyl imidazole -1H- _1_ group) _2,2_ diphenylbutanoic amide (imidafenacin) refining up to 80g microphone said that new crude added 300mL of absolute ethanol, the system was warmed to reflux, refluxed

0.5h, after cooling the ethanol was distilled off to IOOmL about 500mL of ethyl acetate was added to precipitate a white solid, a small amount of ethyl acetate and wash the filter cake, 45 ° C and dried in vacuo to give 74.6g of white crystals, yield 93%.

CLIP

Alkylation of diphenylacetonitrile (I) with dibromoethane provided bromide (II). This was condensed with 2-methylimidazole (III) in the presence of Et3N in DMF to afford the substituted imidazole (IV). Finally, hydrolysis of the cyano group of (IV) with 70% sulfuric acid produced the target amide.

Treatment of acetonitrile derivative (I) with dibromoethane (II) in toluene in the presence of NaNH2 affords bromo compound (III), which is then condensed with imidazole derivative (IV) by means of Et3N in DMF to provide compound (V). Hydrolysis of the cyano group of (V) with aqueous H2SO4 yields amide derivative (VI), which is finally subjected to alkyl quaternization by reaction with bromobenzyl bromide (VI) in acetone to furnish the desired product.

Paper

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 9 (1999) 3003-3008

PAPER

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 7 (1999) 1151±1161

 4-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)- 2,2-diphenylbutyramide (2.02 g, 24%) as a colorless needle:

mp 189.0±190.0 C (from ethyl acetate:ethanol);

High MS (EI+) m/z calcd for C20H21N3O 319.1685, found 319.1671;

1 H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) d 2.23 (3H, s), 2.69±2.74 (2H, m), 3.77±3.82 (2H, m), 5.33 (1H, s), 5.49 (1H, s), 6.73 (1H, s), 6.85 (1H, s), 7.31±7.42 (10H, m).

PATENT

CN103880751A.

imidafenacin chemical name 4- (2-methyl–1H–1-yl) -2,2-diphenyl methylbutanamide (I).

In Patent JP93-341467, JP94-319355 and literature Bioorganic & Medicinal ChemistryLetters, 1999, vol.9,3003 – 3008 reported in the chemical synthesis routes to diphenyl acetonitrile (4) as the starting material,

Condensation and hydrolysis reaction step to give imidafenacin (1).

The new method is simple, mild reaction conditions, easy to control, good high yield and purity of the product, do not pollute the environment, suitable for industrial production.

[0012] The first method from 2-methylimidazole and I, 2- dibromoethane under phase transfer catalyst is tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and inorganic base catalyzed generate 1- (2-bromoethyl) – methyl -1H- imidazole (5), and diphenyl acetonitrile (4) a phase transfer catalyst and an inorganic base catalyzed condensation of 4- (2-methyl–1H- imidazol-1-yl) -2,2 – diphenylbutyronitrile hydrochloride (2), and then hydrolyzed to imidafenacin (I)